Tacrolimus

Names

[ Name ]:
Tacrolimus

[Synonym ]:
FK-506 monohydrate
FK 506 Monohydrate
FK-506 monohydrate,Tacrolimus
TacroliMus Monohydrate
15,19-Epoxy-3H-pyrido[2,1-c][1,4]oxaazacyclotricosine-1,7,20,21(4H,23H)-tetrone, 5,6,8,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,24,25,26,26a-hexadecahydro-5,19-dihydroxy-3-[(E)-2-[(1R,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]-1-methylethenyl]-14,16-dimethoxy-4,10,12,18-tetramethyl-8-(2-propen-1-yl)-, (3S,4R,5S,8R,9E,12S,14S,15R,16S,18R,19R,26aS)-, hydrate (1:1)
TACROLIMUS
(1R,9S,12S,13R,14S,17R,18E,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-17-Allyl-1,14-dihydroxy-12-{(1E)-1-[(1R,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]-1-propen-2-yl}-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatr ;icyclo[22.3.1.0]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone hydrate (1:1)
Tacrolimus (monohydrate)

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Tacrolimus monohydrate binds to FK506 binding protein (FKBP). This complex inhibits calcineurin phosphatase (PP2B). Tacrolimus monohydrate is a mTOR-independent autophagy inducer.

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Autophagy

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

[Target]

PP2B (calcineurin phosphatase)[1] Autophagy inducer[2]

[In Vitro]

Tacrolimus (FK506) inhibits calcium-dependent events, such as IL-2 gene transcription, NO synthase activation, cell degranulation, and apoptosis. Tacrolimus also potentiates the actions of glucocorticoids and progesterone by binding to FKBPs contained within the hormone receptor complex, preventing degradation. The agent may enhance expression of the TGFβ-1 gene in a fashion analogous to that demonstrated for CsA. T cell proliferation in response to ligation of the T cell receptor is inhibited by Tacrolimus[1]. Treatment with a low concentration of Tacrolimus (FK506,10 μg/L) does not significantly affect the proliferation of MH3924A cells (P=0.135). Upon treatment with higher concentrations of Tacrolimus (100-1,000 μg/L), the proliferation of MH3924A cells is significantly enhanced (P<0.01). Treatment with AMD3100 at any concentration (10, 50 or 100 μg/L), has no obvious effect on MH3924A cell proliferation (P>0.05). However, when different concentrations of AMD3100 are combined with 100 μg/L Tacrolimus, the in vitro proliferation of MH3924A cells is increased (P<0.01)[3].

[In Vivo]

The therapeutic effect of Tacrolimus is investigated on progression and perpetuation of colitis by administering Tacrolimus to Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated mice from Days 10 to 16 or to 23. At Days 17 and 24, colon length is significantly shortened, and colon weight is significantly higher in DSS-treated control animals than in normal animals. In addition, colon weight per unit length in the control group is more than twice that in the normal group. While both 7 and 14 d treatment with Tacrolimus significantly suppresses increases in colon weight per unit length in DSS-treated animals compared with the control group, this treatment does not actually restore the colon shortening. In addition, this inhibitory effect of Tacrolimus on increases in colon weight per unit length is more pronounced with 14-d than 7-d treatment, as shown by the inhibitory percentages (59% vs. 28%)[4].

[Cell Assay]

Tumor cell proliferation is determined by the MTT assay. Briefly, after MH3924A cells have reached the logarithmic growth phase, a 0.2-mL cell suspension at 1×104 cells/mL is added into each well of a 96-well plate and cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS, 10 μg/L vascular endothelial growth factor and 0.1 g/L heparin for 24 h. When adherent growth is established, different concentrations of Tacrolimus (10, 100 and 1,000 μg/L) , AMD3100 (10, 50 and 100 μg/L) and Tacrolimus (0 and 100 μg/L)+AMD3100 (0, 10, 50 and 100 μg/L) are added into the plates. Untreated cells cultured in medium alone are used as controls. After culturing for 48 h, 10 μL MTT (5 g/L) are added, and each well is incubated for 6 h; next, 150 μL/well DMSO are added, followed by measurements of the absorbance at 570 mm on a spectrophotometer reader. Each well is measured three times, and each sample is assayed in triplicate[3].

[Animal admin]

Mice[4] Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice are maintained in a temperature- and humidity-controlled room with a 12-h light-dark cycle. For the multiple dosing study, colitic mice (n=10) are orally administered Tacrolimus at 30 mg/kg for 7 d (Days 10 to 16) or 14 d (Days 10 to 23). Control (n=10) and normal groups (n=5) are administered placebo using the same regimen. Tacrolimus or placebo is administered at 10 mL/kg. Mice are euthanized by CO2 inhalation on the day following the final dosing. For the single dosing study, colitic mice are orally administered Tacrolimus at 30 mg/kg or placebo (n=8) once on Day 7, 10, 17, or 24. Normal mice (n=4) are administered placebo using the same regimen. Mice are euthanized by CO2 inhalation eight hours after dosing[4].

[References]

[1]. Thomson AW, et al. Mode of action of Tacrolimus (FK506): molecular and cellular mechanisms. Ther Drug Monit. 1995 Dec;17(6):584-91.

[2]. Vogel KR, et al. mTOR inhibitors rescue premature lethality and attenuate dysregulation of GABAergic/glutamatergic transcription in murine succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD), a disorder of GABA metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2016 Nov;39(6):877-886.

[3]. Zhu H, et al. Tacrolimus promotes hepatocellular carcinoma and enhances CXCR4/SDF 1α expression in vivo. Mol Med Rep. 2014 Aug;10(2):585-92.

[4]. Okada Y, et al. Tacrolimus ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice: implication of interferon-γ and interleukin-1β suppression. Biol Pharm Bull. 2011;34(12):1823-7.

[Related Small Molecules]

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Boiling Point ]:
871.7ºC at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
127-129°

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₄₄H₇₁NO₁₃

[ Molecular Weight ]:
822.033

[ Flash Point ]:
481ºC

[ Exact Mass ]:
821.492554

[ PSA ]:
187.59000

[ LogP ]:
4.51260

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
1.73E-35mmHg at 25°C

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS06

[ Signal Word ]:
Danger

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H301

[ Precautionary Statements ]:
Missing Phrase - N15.00950417

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;Gloves;type P2 (EN 143) respirator cartridges

[ Hazard Codes ]:
T: Toxic;

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R25

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S45

[ RIDADR ]:
UN 2811

[ RTECS ]:
KD4201200

[ Packaging Group ]:
III

Articles

The Ca²⁺-calmodulin-Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II signaling pathway is involved in oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial permeability transition and apoptosis in isolated rat hepatocytes.

Arch. Toxicol. 88(9) , 1695-709, (2014)

Oxidative stress (OS) is a common event in most hepatopathies, leading to mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) formation and further exacerbation of both OS from mitochondrial origin and ...

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To investigate the effect of FK-506 eye drops on Botulinum toxin B (BTX-B)-induced mouse dry eye.Forty-five CBA/J mice were followed up for 4 weeks after treatment with 0.025% FK-506, vehicle or 0.9% ...

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Arch. Pharm. Res. 38 , 813-25, (2015)

4-O-methylhonokiol (MH) is known to inhibit inflammation by partially understood mechanisms. Here, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of MH were examined using enzymatic, cellular, and animal assays. In...