Xanomeline

Names

[ CAS No. ]:
131986-45-3

[ Name ]:
Xanomeline

[Synonym ]:
3-hexoxy-4-(1-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-5-yl)-1,2,5-thiadiazole
3-(Hexyloxy)-4-(1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl)-1,2,5-thiadiazole

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Xanomeline, as an effective and selective muscarinic type 1 and type 4 (M1/M4) receptor agonist, increases neuronal excitability. Xanomeline can be used for the research of neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia[1][2].

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Neuronal Signaling >> mAChR

Signaling Pathways >> GPCR/G Protein >> mAChR

Research Areas >> Neurological Disease

[Target]

M1/M4[1][2]

[In Vitro]

Xanomeline (0.1~10 μM; CNS4U) shows an overall increase in the mean firing rate. Xanomeline shows the M1 receptor is functional in hiPSC derived neurons. Xanomeline (＞1 μM) has a prolonged engagement with the receptor and produces a persistent receptor activation leading to a sustained suppression of the M-current[1].

[In Vivo]

Xanomeline (0.5~3 mg/kg; s.c.; 1~3 hours) induces salivation and vomiting in some monkeys[3]. Xanomeline shows functional dopamine antagonism and an antipsychotic-like profile.Xanomeline inhibits D-amphetamine- and (−)-apomorphine-induced behavior and do not cause extrapyramidal side effects[3]. Animal Model: Male Cebus apella monkeys Dosage: 0.5~3 mg/kg Administration: S.c.; 1~3 hours Result: Induced salivation and vomiting in some monkeys.

[References]

[1]. Kreir M, et al. Role of Kv7.2/Kv7.3 and M1 muscarinic receptors in the regulation of neuronal excitability in hiPSC-derived neurons. Eur J Pharmacol. 2019;858:172474

[2]. Shekhar A, et al. Selective muscarinic receptor agonist xanomeline as a novel treatment approach for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2008;165(8):1033-1039.

[3]. Andersen MB, et al. The muscarinic M1/M4 receptor agonist xanomeline exhibits antipsychotic-like activity in Cebus apella monkeys. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003;28(6):1168-1175.

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.101 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
397ºC at 760 mmHg

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₁₄H₂₃N₃OS

[ Molecular Weight ]:
281.41700

[ Flash Point ]:
193.9ºC

[ Exact Mass ]:
281.15600

[ PSA ]:
66.49000

[ LogP ]:
3.15400

[ Appearance of Characters ]:
off-white

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
1.64E-06mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.537

[ Storage condition ]:
2-8°C

[ Water Solubility ]:
H2O: soluble10mg/mL, clear (warmed)

Safety Information

[ HS Code ]:
2934999090

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2934999090

[ Summary ]:
2934999090. other heterocyclic compounds. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%