2-Pyridinealdoxime methochloride

Names

[ CAS No. ]:
51-15-0

[ Name ]:
2-Pyridinealdoxime methochloride

[Synonym ]:
Pyraloximi Methchlordum
protopamchloride
1-methyl-2-pyridine aldoxyme chloride
2-[(E)-(Hydroxyimino)methyl]-1-methylpyridinium chloride
2-Pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride
pralidoxime
EINECS 200-080-9
pyridinium, 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-1-methyl-, chloride (1:1)
2-Pyridinealdoxime methochloride
Pralidoxome Chloride
Pralidoxime Chloride
pyridinium, 2-[(E)-(hydroxyimino)methyl]-1-methyl-, chloride
2-PAM CHLORIDE
2-[hydroxyimino ethyl]-1-methylpyridinium chloride
MFCD00011981
Protopam
Pyridine-2-aldoxiMe Meth
PRALIDOXIMECHLORIDE,USP
2-[(Hydroxyimino)methyl]-1-methylpyridinium chloride
Pyridinium, 2-[(E)-(hydroxyimino)methyl]-1-methyl-, chloride (1:1)
2-PAM-Cl
1-MethylpyridiniuM-2-aldoxiMe Chloride
PAM CHLORIDE

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Pralidoxime chloride is a useful agent in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning. Pralidoxime binds to organophosphate-inactivated acetylcholinesterase, used to combat poisoning by organophosphates or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (nerve agents) in conjunction with atropine and diazepam.

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Neuronal Signaling >> AChE

Research Areas >> Neurological Disease

[Related Small Molecules]

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Boiling Point ]:
189.7ºC at760mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
215-225 ºC

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₇H₉ClN₂O

[ Molecular Weight ]:
172.612

[ Flash Point ]:
68.5ºC

[ Exact Mass ]:
172.040344

[ PSA ]:
36.47000

[ Storage condition ]:
0-6°C

[ Water Solubility ]:
65.5 g/100 mL (25 ºC)

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: UU4200000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Pyridinium, 2-formyl-1-methyl-, chloride, oxime

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 51-15-0

LAST UPDATED :: 199603

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 14

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C7-H9-N2-O.Cl

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 172.63

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: T6KJ A1 B1UNQ &G

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 14 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - coma Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - bronchiolar constriction Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis

REFERENCE :: 34ZIAG "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,449,1969

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 15 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Vascular - BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section

REFERENCE :: AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St., NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,599,1967

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 96 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,40,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 150 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,40,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 4100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JPMSAE Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. (American Pharmaceutical Assoc., 2215 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20037) V.50- 1961- Volume(issue)/page/year: 53,1143,1964

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 155 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,5,1964

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 90 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,5,1964

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.1- 1977/78- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,431,1985

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 75 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,S106,1984

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 95 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 132,50,1961

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 168 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,40,1970 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW JPMSAE Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. (American Pharmaceutical Assoc., 2215 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20037) V.50- 1961- Volume(issue)/page/year: 53,1143,1964 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AJMEAZ American Journal of Medicine. (Technical Pub., 875 Third Ave., New York, NY 10022) V.1- 1946- Volume(issue)/page/year: 50,475,1971 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X6078 No. of Facilities: 17 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 2 No. of Employees: 968 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 494 (estimated)

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS07

[ Signal Word ]:
Warning

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H302 + H312 + H332

[ Precautionary Statements ]:
P261-P280-P301 + P312 + P330

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xn:Harmful;

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R20/22;R36/37/38

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S36-S37/39-S26

[ RIDADR ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK Germany ]:
3

[ RTECS ]:
UU4200000

[ HS Code ]:
2933399090

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2933399090

[ Summary ]:
2933399090. other compounds containing an unfused pyridine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

Articles

Development and validation of a FIA/UV-vis method for pK(a) determination of oxime based acetylcholinesterase reactivators.

J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 117 , 240-6, (2015)

Acetylcholinesterase reactivators (oximes) are compounds used for antidotal treatment in case of organophosphorus poisoning. The dissociation constants (pK(a1)) of ten standard or promising acetylchol...

An in vivo zebrafish screen identifies organophosphate antidotes with diverse mechanisms of action.

J. Biomol. Screen. 18(1) , 108-15, (2013)

Organophosphates are a class of highly toxic chemicals that includes many pesticides and chemical weapons. Exposure to organophosphates, either through accidents or acts of terrorism, poses a signific...

Chlorpyrifos is associated with slower serum cholinesterase recovery in acute organophosphate-poisoned patients.

Clin. Toxicol. (Phila.) 51(5) , 402-8, (2013)

Organophosphate poisoning (OPP) accounts for 200,000 deaths annually in developing countries. Serum cholinesterase (SChE) is of diagnostic value in patients with OPP and is checked repeatedly during t...