Glucagon

Names

[ Name ]:
Glucagon

[Synonym ]:
Glucagon hydrochloride
Glucagonoid
Hyperglycemic-glycogenolytic factor
glukagonnovo
Glucagon RecoMbinant
l-histidyl-l-seryl-l-glutaminylglycyl-l-threonyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-l-threonin
Glukagon
MFCD00167532
HG-Factor

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Glucagon exhibits marked effects on protein and amino acid metabolism. Glucagon inhibits the incorporation of amino acids into protein of liver, muscle, and pancreas, to increase excretion of nitrogen, to promote hepatic urea synthesis, and to increase the concentration of hepatic transaminases and urea cycle enzymes. Glucagon can promote the hepatic uptake of amino acids, to enhance their incorporation into liver glycogen, and to depress the concentration of amino acids in blood[1].

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Others >> Others

Research Areas >> Metabolic Disease

[References]

[1]. Bromer WW, Chance RE. Zinc glucagon depression of blood amino acids in rabbits. Diabetes. 1969 Nov;18(11):748-54.

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Boiling Point ]:
230ºC at 760 mm Hg

[ Melting Point ]:
-15ºC

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₁₅₃H₂₂₆ClN₄₃O₄₉S

[ Molecular Weight ]:
3519.21000

[ Exact Mass ]:
3516.59000

[ PSA ]:
1564.04000

[ LogP ]:
0.39110

[ Appearance of Characters ]:
powder

[ Storage condition ]:
2-8°C

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: LZ3980000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Glucagon

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 9007-92-5

LAST UPDATED :: 199704

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 15

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C151-H224-N42-O50-S

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 3460.23

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: >10 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 140 mg/kg/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Endocrine - hyperglycemia Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 140 mg/kg/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

DOSE :: 3600 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 16-21 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Unscheduled DNA synthesis

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - rat Liver

DOSE/DURATION :: 75 mg/L

REFERENCE :: EJBCAI European Journal of Biochemistry. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 34,474,1973 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 83978 No. of Facilities: 33 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 4 No. of Employees: 825 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 83978 No. of Facilities: 109 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 5 No. of Employees: 11153 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 9781 (estimated)

Safety Information

[ Safety Phrases ]:
22-24/25

[ RIDADR ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK Germany ]:
3

[ RTECS ]:
LZ3980000

Articles

Over-expression of Follistatin-like 3 attenuates fat accumulation and improves insulin sensitivity in mice.

Metab. Clin. Exp. 64(2) , 283-95, (2015)

Follistatin-like 3 (fstl3), a natural inhibitor of members of the TGF-β family, increases during resistance training in human plasma. Fstl3 primarily binds myostatin and activin A, and thereby inhibit...

Comparison of the effects of slowly and rapidly absorbed carbohydrates on postprandial glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a randomized trial.

Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 100(4) , 1059-68, (2014)

Isomaltulose attenuates postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations compared with sucrose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanism by which isomaltulose limits post...

Glucagon secretion after metabolic surgery in diabetic rodents.

J. Endocrinol. 223(3) , 255-65, (2014)

Excessive or inadequate glucagon secretion promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis is believed to contribute to hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Currently, metabolic surger...