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Impact on Granular Beds
10.1146/annurev-fluid-010816-060213 2017-01-05 The impact of an object on a granular solid is an ubiquitous phenomenon in nature, the scale of which ranges from the impact of a raindrop onto sand all the way to that of a large asteroid on a planet. Despite the obvious relevance of these impact events, the... |
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Particle Migration due to Viscoelasticity of the Suspending Liquid and Its Relevance in Microfluidic Devices
10.1146/annurev-fluid-010816-060150 2017-01-05 The fast growth of microfluidic applications based on complex fluids is a result of the unique fluid dynamics of these systems, enabling the creation of devices for health care or biological and chemical analysis. Microchannels designed to focus, concentrate,... |
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Cloud-Top Entrainment in Stratocumulus Clouds
10.1146/annurev-fluid-010816-060231 2017-01-05 Cloud entrainment, the mixing between cloudy and clear air at the boundary of clouds, constitutes one paradigm for the relevance of small scales in the Earth system: By regulating cloud lifetimes, meter- and submeter-scale processes at cloud boundaries can in... |
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Recent Advances in Understanding of Thermal Expansion Effects in Premixed Turbulent Flames
10.1146/annurev-fluid-010816-060104 2017-01-05 When a premixed flame propagates in a turbulent flow, not only does turbulence affect the burning rate (e.g., by wrinkling the flame and increasing its surface area), but also the heat release in the flame perturbs the pressure field, and these pressure pertu... |
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Saph and Schoder and the Friction Law of Blasius
10.1146/annurev-fluid-080316-121100 2017-01-05 Blasius's law of friction is built on Saph and Schoder's prior experiments. The name Blasius is well-recognized, whereas the names Saph and Schoder are not. This is the story of the experiments of Augustus Saph and Ernst Schoder and the friction law of Heinri... |
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Recent Developments in the Fluid Dynamics of Tropical Cyclones
10.1146/annurev-fluid-010816-060022 2017-01-05 This article reviews progress in understanding the fluid dynamics and moist thermodynamics of tropical cyclone vortices. The focus is on the dynamics and moist thermodynamics of vortex intensification and structure. We discuss previous ideas on many facets of... |
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Phoretic Self-Propulsion
10.1146/annurev-fluid-122414-034456 2017-01-05 It is well-known that micro- and nanoparticles can move by phoretic effects in response to externally imposed gradients of scalar quantities such as chemical concentration or electric potential. A class of active colloids can propel themselves through aqueous... |
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The Clustering Instability in Rapid Granular and Gas-Solid Flows
10.1146/annurev-fluid-010816-060028 2017-01-05 Flows of solid particles are known to exhibit a clustering instability—dynamic microstructures characterized by a dense region of highly concentrated particles surrounded by a dilute region with relatively few particles—that has no counterpart in molecular fl... |
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Blood Flow in the Microcirculation
10.1146/annurev-fluid-010816-060302 2017-01-05 The microcirculation is an extensive network of microvessels that distributes blood flow throughout living tissues. Reynolds numbers are much less than 1, and the equations of Stokes flow apply. Blood is a suspension of cells with dimensions comparable to mic... |
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Physics and Measurement of Aero-Optical Effects: Past and Present
10.1146/annurev-fluid-010816-060315 2017-01-05 The field of aero-optics is devoted to the study of the effects of turbulent flow fields on laser beams projected from airborne laser systems. This article reviews the early and present periods of research in aero-optics. Both periods generated impressive amo... |