笑气

笑气用途

1.超临界溶剂。单独或与氧气混合用作牙科、外科和妇产科的麻醉剂。也可用作防腐剂、制冷剂、助燃剂、烟雾喷射剂。食品工业作为发泡剂和食品的密封剂。电子工业用于二氧化硅的化学气相沉积等离子工艺。军火工业用作推进剂。还可用于气密性检查、原子吸收光谱的载体等。检漏剂、制冷剂，以及用作原子吸收光谱用的助燃剂。

2.本产品用作医用麻醉剂、制冷剂、助燃剂、防腐剂、烟雾喷射剂、标准气和平衡气等，也用于半导体制造中的乳化CVD工序及气相淀积氮化硅的氮源。还可作为原子吸收光谱的氧化气体。

3.用于电子工业中二氧化硅的化学气相淀积等离子工艺。

4.用作医药麻醉剂、防腐剂，以及用于气密性检查。

笑气名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
10024-97-2

[ 中文名 ]:
氧化亚氮

[ 英文名 ]:
nitrous oxide

[中文别名 ]:

笑气

[英文别名 ]:

EINECS 233-032-0
MFCD00011492
NITROUS OXIDE

笑气物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.46 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
−88 °C(lit.)

[ 熔点 ]:
−91 °C(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
N₂O

[ 分子量 ]:
44.01280

[ 精确质量 ]:
44.00110

[ PSA ]:
54.46000

[ LogP ]:
0.06366

[ 外观性状 ]:
无色压缩液化气体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
1.53 (15 °C, vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
51.7 mm Hg ( 21 °C)

[ 折射率 ]:
1.469

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与有机物、易燃气体分开存放

[ 稳定性 ]:
Oxidant, strongly supports combustion. May react violently with some materials. Thermal decomposition yields toxic products. Incompatible with aluminium, boron oxides, hydrazine, strong reducing agents.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
每100毫升水中的溶解克数: 0.112g/20℃

笑气MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

笑气毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: QX1350000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Nitrogen oxide

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 10024-97-2

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 41

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: N2-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 44.02

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: N2 O

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 24 mg/kg/2H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic Cardiac - pulse rate Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 50 ppm/6H/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 5 pph/4H

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 20 pph/8H

SEX/DURATION :: male 28 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 50 pph/24H

SEX/DURATION :: female 8-11 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 50 ppm/6H

SEX/DURATION :: male 30 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 1 pph/8H

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-21 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - extra-embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 50 pph/4H

SEX/DURATION :: female 14 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

DOSE :: 3 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 8 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - other effects to embryo Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

DOSE :: 3 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 8 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 75 pph/6H

SEX/DURATION :: female 14 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - cytological changes (including somatic cell genetic material)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 5000 ppm/4H

SEX/DURATION :: female 14 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 90 pph/24H

SEX/DURATION :: female 10 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 95 pph/24H

SEX/DURATION :: female 7 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA inhibition

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA inhibition

MUTATION DATA

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - rat

REFERENCE :: TCMUD8 Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,107,1988 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 90 mg/m3 (50 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,93,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CLPTAT Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (St. Louis). (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63146) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,91,1967 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AACRAT Anesthesia and Analgesia (New York). (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.36- 1957- Volume(issue)/page/year: 57,328,1978 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW XPHBAO U.S. Public Health Service, Public Health Bulletin. (Washington, DC) Volume(issue)/page/year: 272,1,1941 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD:ASPHYXIANTS/GASES DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,25,1973 OSHA PEL (Construc): simple asphyxiant-inert gases and vapors CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):Simple asphyxiant - inert gas and vapor CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-DENMARK:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 100 ppm (180 mg/m3);STEL 500 ppm (900 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO NITROUS OXIDE-air:TWA 25 ppm for duration of exposure REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 51118 No. of Facilities: 5599 (estimated) No. of Industries: 45 No. of Occupations: 36 No. of Employees: 113333 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 51118 No. of Facilities: 5145 (estimated) No. of Industries: 25 No. of Occupations: 34 No. of Employees: 112585 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 74465 (estimated)

笑气安全信息

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
O

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R8

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S38

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1070 2.2

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
QX1350000

[ 危险类别 ]:
2.2

笑气上下游产品

笑气上游产品

笑气下游产品

笑气制备

1.热解法加热硝酸铵或加热无水硝酸钠与硫酸铵的混合物，生成的气体经精制、压缩、冷却、干燥、液化等工序，制得一氧化二氮成品。

2.催化氧化法氨与空气在催化剂存在条件下发生催化氧化反应，生成的气体经精制得到粗一氧化二氮气体。该气体经压缩、高压水洗，再经压缩、干燥、液化工序，制得液体一氧化二氮产品。

3.市场上可以买到麻醉用一氧化二氮。实验室常用热分解NH4NO3制得。将纯硝酸铵放在烘箱中烘至160～170℃，令其完全脱水后，放入干燥器中凝固。将它研细装入带有支管的圆底烧瓶中。烧瓶颈上缠绕加热线圈，不让分解反应中生成的水冷凝回到熔融的反应物里。烧瓶支管接上一冰冷阱，使生成的水大部分冷凝下来。将烧瓶放在铁丝网上小心地加热，反应在170℃开始，温度不可超过250℃，以防止分解为N2和NO的反应发生。因为这是放热反应，应避免加热过急和反应物的量过多，否则有可能变成爆炸反应。生成的N2O用50%的KOH溶液洗涤。若有必要，微量的氧气可用连二亚硫酸盐的碱性溶液除去。

4.以纯度为95%～97%的一氧化二氮为原料，经常温吸附和低温下数次间歇抽空，可制得纯度达99.998%的高纯一氧化二氮产品。采用硝酸铵加热分解法可制取粗一氧化二氮，易分离和净化，再经提纯可得到高纯产品。反应式如下。

笑气