乙二醛

乙二醛用途

【用途一】
用作医药中间体、织物整理剂、染料及染料中间体
【用途二】
用作粘合剂及人造丝的阻缩剂，也用于有机合成
【用途三】
用作粘胶纤维后整理剂，聚乙烯醇、淀粉等的不溶粘结剂，以及油漆、染料及医药的原料
【用途四】
乙二醛是制备咪唑的原料，咪唑是杀菌剂抑霉唑、咪鲜胺等的中间体，此外，乙二醛主要用于医药、纺织、建材、造纸、日用化工、涂料和粘接材料等，并可用作染料中间体。
【用途五】
乙二醛主要用于纺织工业，做纤维处理剂能增加棉花、尼龙等纤维的纺缩和防皱性，是耐久性压烫整理剂。在日本这一用途占乙二醛总消量的80%。乙醛是明胶、动物胶、乳酪、聚乙烯醇和淀粉等不溶性粘合剂，乙二醛还用于皮革工业以及制作防水火柴。乙二醛是有机合成的原料。由乙醛和尿素、甲醛在碳酸钠存在下加热缩合得到2D-树脂，用作织物整理剂；乙二醛与甲醛、硫酸铵反应，环合成咪唑，而后合成咪唑类抗真菌药克霉唑、咪康唑等；乙二醛与邻苯二胺环合得到苯并吡嗪：它是抗结核药物吡嗪酰胺的中间体。由乙二醛生产的羟基苯基乙酸已在日本工业生产，用作抗菌素和维生素A系列产品中间体。乙二醛还用于黄连素盐酸盐和磺胺类药磺胺甲氧吡嗪的合成。还用于除虫剂、除臭剂、尸体防腐剂、砂型固化剂。
【用途六】
107-22-2(乙二醛)是一种用途较广的精细化工产品，主要用于化工医药、造纸、香料、涂料、粘合剂、日用化工等，用它可直接合成咪唑。2-甲基咪唑、乙醛酸、对羟基苯乙酸、羟基纤维素、纺织物品整理剂以及防绉免烫树脂、造纸助剂等。
【用途七】
明胶、动物胶、乳酪等的不溶粘剂，人造丝阻缩剂，有机合成。主要用于医药、纺织、建材、造纸、日用化工、涂料和粘接材料等方面

乙二醛名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
107-22-2

[ 中文名 ]:
乙二醛

[ 英文名 ]:
Glyoxal

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

ODIX
Oxalaldehyde
GLYOXA
ethandial
Biformyl
Ethanedione
Ethanedial,Oxalaldehyde
Diformal
Glyoxal
Biformal

乙二醛物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.0±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
50.0±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
-14 °C

[ 分子式 ]:
C₂H₂O₂

[ 分子量 ]:
58.036

[ 闪点 ]:
-4.3±4.4 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
58.005478

[ PSA ]:
34.14000

[ LogP ]:
-0.67

[ 外观性状 ]:
白色或灰白色结晶粉末

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
>1 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
291.7±0.1 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.337

[ 储存条件 ]:
2-8°C

[ 水溶解性 ]:
miscible

乙二醛MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

乙二醛毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: MD2700000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Glyoxal, 40%

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 107-22-2

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 1732463

LAST UPDATED :: 199710

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 11

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C2-H2-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 58.04

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: VHVH

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Open irritation test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

REFERENCE :: UCDS** Union Carbide Data Sheet. (Union Carbide Corp., 39 Old Ridgebury Rd., Danbury, CT 06817) Volume(issue)/page/year: 11/12/1965

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

REFERENCE :: NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: OTS0535504 ** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2960 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - other changes

REFERENCE :: NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: OTS0535124

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2410 mg/m3/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: OTS0535127

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)

REFERENCE :: NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: OTS0535506

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 10 mL/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: UCDS** Union Carbide Data Sheet. (Union Carbide Corp., 39 Old Ridgebury Rd., Danbury, CT 06817) Volume(issue)/page/year: 11/12/1965 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 84477 No. of Facilities: 630 (estimated) No. of Industries: 16 No. of Occupations: 19 No. of Employees: 3846 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 84477 No. of Facilities: 2151 (estimated) No. of Industries: 27 No. of Occupations: 40 No. of Employees: 50395 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 9890 (estimated)

乙二醛安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS07, GHS08

[ 信号词 ]:
Warning

[ 危害声明 ]:
H315-H317-H319-H341

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P280-P305 + P351 + P338

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xn:Harmful

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R20;R36/38;R43;R68

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S36/37

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1760

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
MD2700000

[ 海关编码 ]:
2912190001

乙二醛制备

主要的工业生产方法有乙二醇气相催化氧化法和乙醛硝酸氧化法。1.乙二醛相催化氧化法乙二醇和空气在铜催化剂存在下，在250-300℃下进行催化氧化，生成乙二醛：催化剂活性组分为氧化铜（含Cu03-8%），载体为氧化铝或用刚玉，铝砂，以硝酸铜浸渍焙烧制得。使用寿命达一年，并顺用灼烧法再生。乙二醇预热气化后与循环气混合进入催化反应器，控制新鲜空气的掺入量，防止乙二醇深度氧化，并用氮气流带入卤素化合物，作为深度氧化的抑制剂，反应在275℃，0.74MPa压力下进行，反应产物用水激冷，吸收得到浓度即为成品。乙二醇加单程转化率为80-85%。2.乙醛硝酸氧化法以硝酸铜为催化剂，用硝酸进行液相氧化：在搅拌、充分冷却的条件下，分别将乙醛和硝酸各配成50%左右的溶液，硝酸铜配成40%的溶液，亚硝酸钠配成5%的溶液。先向反应锅内加入少量的硝酸溶液及乙醛溶液，再投入亚硝酸钠溶液，稍加热至发生棕红色气体，自然升温至30℃，开始同时滴加少量的硝酸溶液及乙醛溶液，约4h加完，反应温度控制在40-45℃，逸出的乙醛气体以水吸收后加入反应锅内，继续反应3h。反应中乙醛的配料是过量的（按摩尔比，硝酸：乙酸=1：2），反应结束后，加热回收乙醛至98℃。然后加活性炭脱色，冷却、过滤、水洗。将滤液和洗液合并，在70℃（21.33kPa）以下蒸出有机酸，反复补水再蒸，直至馏出液中酸性阳离子交换树脂和弱碱性阴离子交换树脂除去杂质。交换液和洗脱液压浓缩，得合格浓度的乙二醛。以乙醛计，收率约32%。

乙二醛海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2912190001

乙二醛文献

Yeast Coq9 controls deamination of coenzyme Q intermediates that derive from para-aminobenzoic acid.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1851 , 1227-39, (2015)

Coq9 is a polypeptide subunit in a mitochondrial multi-subunit complex, termed the CoQ-synthome, required for biosynthesis of coenzyme Q (ubiquinone or Q). Deletion of COQ9 results in dissociation of ...

Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA.

Nat. Commun. 6 , 8440, (2015)

By regulating access to the genetic code, DNA supercoiling strongly affects DNA metabolism. Despite its importance, however, much about supercoiled DNA (positively supercoiled DNA, in particular) rema...

Novel HPLC--Fluorescence methodology for the determination of methylglyoxal and glyoxal. Application to the analysis of monovarietal wines "Ribera del Guadiana".

Food Chem. 187 , 159-65, (2015)

The determination and quantification of α-dicarbonyl compounds, glyoxal and methylglyoxal, in "Ribera del Guadiana" monovarietal wines (Extremadura, Spain) without sample clean-up has been carried out...

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乙二醛