丙二腈

丙二腈用途

【用途一】
用于制药，是药物氨苯蝶啶中间体
【用途二】
丙二腈是制备2-氨基-4，6-二甲氧基嘧啶和2-氯-4，6-二甲氧基嘧啶的原料，可用以生产磺酰脲类除草剂如苄嘧磺隆、吡嘧磺隆等，又可用以制造除草剂双草醚，在医药上用以制造利尿药物。
【用途三】
有机合成原料。医药方面，用于合成维生素B1、氨蝶呤、氨苯蝶啶等一系列重要药物。染料方面、农药方面及其他方面都有重要的用途。也可用作金的萃取剂。中国现主要用于生产氨苯蝶啶、苄嘧黄隆、1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸、嘧啶系列产品。

丙二腈名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
109-77-3

[ 中文名 ]:
丙二腈

[ 英文名 ]:
Malononitrile

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

Propanedinitrile
Dicyanomethane
Malonitrile
Malonic acid dinitrile
EINECS 203-703-2
Malononitrile
MFCD00001883
Methylene Cyanide
Methylene Dicyanide

丙二腈物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.0±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
218.5±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
30-32 °C(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
C₃H₂N₂

[ 分子量 ]:
66.061

[ 闪点 ]:
112.2±0.0 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
66.021797

[ PSA ]:
47.58000

[ LogP ]:
-0.50

[ 外观性状 ]:
固体熔化物

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.1±0.4 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.402

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、酸类、食品添加剂分开存放

[ 水溶解性 ]:
13.3 g/100 mL (20 ºC)

丙二腈MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

丙二腈毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: OO3150000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Malononitrile

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 109-77-3

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0773697

LAST UPDATED :: 199710

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 20

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C3-H2-N2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 66.07

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: NC1CN

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

REFERENCE :: 85JCAE "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,899,1986 ** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 350 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - excitement

REFERENCE :: MEPAAX Medycyna Pracy. Industrial Medicine. (Ars-Polona, POB 1001, 00-068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27,1,1976

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 20550 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - excitement

REFERENCE :: MEPAAX Medycyna Pracy. Industrial Medicine. (Ars-Polona, POB 1001, 00-068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27,1,1976

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 31500 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - excitement

REFERENCE :: MEPAAX Medycyna Pracy. Industrial Medicine. (Ars-Polona, POB 1001, 00-068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27,1,1976

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 19 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: KHZDAN Khigiena i Zdraveopazvane. Hygiene and Sanitation. (Hemus, Blvd. Russki 6, Sofia, Bulgaria) V.9- 1966- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,50,1966

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 13 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: NATUAS Nature. (Nature Subscription Dept., POB 1018, Manasguan, NJ 08736) V.1- 1869- Volume(issue)/page/year: 228,1315,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 8 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,77,1897

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 32 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: CSLNX* U.S. Army Armament Research & Development Command, Chemical Systems Laboratory, NIOSH Exchange Chemicals. (Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010) Volume(issue)/page/year: NX#07576

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 6500 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

REFERENCE :: AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,77,1897

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 10043 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - other changes

REFERENCE :: TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,64,1983

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 6 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: CRSBAW Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de Ses Filiales. (SPPIF, B.P.22, F-41353 Vineuil, France) V.1- 1849- Volume(issue)/page/year: 96,202,1927

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 28 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: PJPPAA Polish Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacy. (ARS Polona, POB 1001, 00-068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.25- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,563,1979

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 21 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - excitement

REFERENCE :: MEPAAX Medycyna Pracy. Industrial Medicine. (Ars-Polona, POB 1001, 00-068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27,1,1976

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - pigeon

DOSE/DURATION :: 80 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,77,1897

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :: 95 mg/kg

REFERENCE :: AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,77,1897 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO MALONONITRILE-air:10H TWA 3 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X5636 No. of Facilities: 4 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 15 No. of Employees: 1233 (estimated)

丙二腈安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS06, GHS09

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H301-H311-H331-H410

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P261-P273-P280-P301 + P310-P311-P501

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;Gloves;type P2 (EN 143) respirator cartridges

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
T:Toxic

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R23/24/25;R50/53

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S23-S27-S45-S60-S61

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 2647 6.1/PG 2

[ WGK德国 ]:
3

[ RTECS号 ]:
OO3150000

[ 包装等级 ]:
II

[ 危险类别 ]:
6.1

[ 海关编码 ]:
2926909090

丙二腈合成路线

详细合成路线

丙二腈上下游产品

丙二腈上游产品

丙二腈下游产品

丙二腈制备

1.实验室由氰乙酰胺与三氯氧磷进行消除反应制得。将1260g（15mol）氰乙酰胺、1kg食盐和5L二氯乙烷搅拌混合15min后，加入800ml（8.75mol）三氯氧磷。随后，加热回流8h。再冷至室温，过滤。用50ml二氯乙烷洗涤滤饼。合并滤、洗液，蒸出溶剂得粗品丙二腈。将粗品减压蒸馏，收率113-118℃（3.3kPa）馏分得产品570-654g，收率57-66%。

2.丙二烯氧化氨解法。

3.乙腈与氯氰反应法。目前中国企业采用以下生产方法：氰乙酸乙酯（甲酯）→氨化→消除→蒸馏→精制→丙二腈。

4.由氰乙酸乙酯与氨作用，在20℃以下反应，在冰浴中冷却2 h，将沉淀滤出，滤饼用冰水洗涤，然后用乙醇重结晶得氰乙酰胺，由氰乙酰胺与五氧化二磷作用，减压蒸馏，收集110～120℃以下馏分为粗品，然后再减压蒸馏得成品。
NCCH ₂COOC ₂H ₅+NH ₃→NCCH ₂CONH ₂+C ₂H ₅OH
NCCH ₂CONH ₂+P ₂O ₅→NC—CH ₂—CN+2HPO ₃

丙二腈海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2926909090

[ 中文概述 ]:
2926909090 其他腈基化合物. 增值税率:17.0% 退税率:9.0% 监管条件:无最惠国关税:6.5% 普通关税:30.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途

[ Summary ]:
HS:2926909090 other nitrile-function compounds VAT:17.0% Tax rebate rate:9.0% Supervision conditions:none MFN tariff:6.5% General tariff:30.0%

丙二腈文献

Synthesis of a novel 4H-pyran analog as minor groove binder to DNA using ethidium bromide as fluorescence probe.

Spectrochim. Acta. A. Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 152 , 165-71, (2015)

In the present work, isopropyl-6-amino-4-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-cyano-2-methyl-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate (4H-pyran analog) has been synthesized by a three component reaction catalyzed by CsOH...

Design of donor-acceptor star-shaped oligomers for efficient solution-processible organic photovoltaics.

Faraday Discuss. 174 , 313-39, (2014)

This contribution describes recent progress in the design, synthesis and properties of solution-processible star-shaped oligomers and their application in organic photovoltaics. Even though alternativ...

A facile synthesis of new monoazo disperse dyes derived from 4-hydroxyphenylazopyrazole-5-amines: evaluation of microwave assisted dyeing behavior.

Molecules 17(12) , 13891-909, (2012)

A series of new monoazo disperse dyes containing pyrazolopyrimidine moieties was synthesized by coupling malononitrile or 3-aminocrotononitrile with 4-hydroxy- benzenediazonium chloride. Treatment of ...

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丙二腈