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二氧化锗

二氧化锗用途

【用途一】
用于制锗，也用于电子工业
【用途二】
用于制金属锗，也用作光谱分析及半导体材料。
【用途三】
用于制定取锗锭、有机锗、锗酸铋晶体、催化剂、光纤用四氯化锗、荧光粉和锗玻璃等原料。

二氧化锗名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
1310-53-8

[ 中文名 ]:
二氧化锗

[ 英文名 ]:
Germanium oxide

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

Germanium oxide
MFCD00011030
Germane, dioxo-
GERMANIUM(IV) OXIDE
Germanium dioxide
EINECS 215-180-8
Germanium dioxide,electronic grade
Dioxogermane

二氧化锗物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
6.239

[ 沸点 ]:
1200ºC

[ 熔点 ]:
1115ºC

[ 分子式 ]:
GeO₂

[ 分子量 ]:
104.639

[ 精确质量 ]:
105.911011

[ PSA ]:
34.14000

[ 外观性状 ]:
白色粉末或无色晶体

[ 折射率 ]:
1.99

[ 储存条件 ]:
室温

[ 水溶解性 ]:
ethylene glycol: soluble | 0.4 g/100 mL

二氧化锗MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

二氧化锗毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: LY5240000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Germanium dioxide

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 1310-53-8

LAST UPDATED :: 199701

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 19

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: Ge-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 104.59

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: GE O2

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1250 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: 31ZUAV "Investigations in the Field of Organogermanium Chemistry," Rijkens, F., and G.J.M. Van Der Kerk, Utrecht, Netherlands, Schotanus & Jens Utrecht N.V., 1964 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,95,1964

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >1420 mg/m3/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Skin and Appendages - hair Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

REFERENCE :: FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,1037,1994

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 750 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

REFERENCE :: AMIHBC AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. (Chicago, IL) V.2-10, 1950-54. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,466,1953

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1910 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,773,1981

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1250 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: 85GMAT "Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,71,1982

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1550 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,671,1978

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 2550 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,773,1981

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 845 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: EQSSDX Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement. (Stuttgart, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-5, 1975-76. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,1,1975

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: EQSSDX Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement. (Stuttgart, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-5, 1975-76. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,1,1975 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 13650 mg/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases

REFERENCE :: TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 103,345,1990

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 10 mg/kg/14W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :: TPKVAL Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv. Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation, see TNICS*. (Izdatel'stvo Meditsina, Moscow, USSR) No.1- 1961- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,83,1961

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 309 mg/m3/6H/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

REFERENCE :: FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,1037,1994

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2450 mg/kg/35D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,773,1981

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1125 mg/kg/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,773,1981 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

DOSE :: 133 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 7-13 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - physical

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,797,1981

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

DOSE :: 266 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 7-13 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,797,1981 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - A1740 No. of Facilities: 16 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 6 No. of Employees: 1875 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 260 (estimated)

二氧化锗安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS07

[ 信号词 ]:
Warning

[ 危害声明 ]:
H302

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Faceshields;Gloves

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xn:Harmful;

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R22

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
22-24/25

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
LY5240000

[ 海关编码 ]:
2825600001

二氧化锗制备

四氯化锗水解法在四氯化锗中加入6.5倍体积的蒸馏水，搅拌后放置一昼夜，生成二氧化锗沉淀，用冷水洗涤至洗液不含Ｃｌ－为止。于200℃干燥得到二氧化锗产品。其反应式：

图XＩＶ－１９　四氯化锗的蒸馏装置

在实验室里制备高纯的二氧化锗，是将市场出售的二氧化锗制成四氯化锗，再将其蒸馏提纯，水解得到的。

图四氯化锗的蒸馏装置制法［370］烧瓶内装入二氧化锗和浓盐酸，装置如图。玻璃管的前端要浸入水里一段，接受槽加少量冰水冷却。边通氯气边蒸馏，取110℃以前的馏分。在蒸馏中为了防止烧瓶中盐酸浓度下降，要时常从滴液漏斗滴加浓盐酸。向流到接受槽的四氯化锗层(黄色)和盐酸溶液层加大量水(H2O∶GeCl4＝65∶1)，摇匀，放置一昼夜。四氯化锗即水解为二氧化锗。过滤，用冷水洗涤，200℃下干燥。

二氧化锗海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2825600001

二氧化锗文献

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PLoS ONE 10(4) , e0124997, (2015)

The unique beauty of spherical aggregation forming algae has attracted much attention from both the scientific and lay communities. Several aegagropilous seaweeds have been identified to date, includi...

Metabolism of tellurium, antimony and germanium simultaneously administered to rats.

J. Toxicol. Sci. 34(3) , 295-303, (2009)

Recently, tellurium (Te), antimony (Sb) and germanium (Ge) have been used as an alloy in phase-change optical magnetic disks, such as digital versatile disk-random access memory (DVD-RAM) and DVD-reco...

Bioaccessibility of selenium, selenomethionine and selenocysteine from foods and influence of heat processing on the same.

Food Chem. 194 , 1293-9, (2015)

Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient with diverse physiological functions. The selenium content of commonly consumed cereals, pulses and green leafy vegetables (GLV) was determined. Bioaccessibility...

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