铝土矿

铝土矿用途

⑴炼铝工业。用于国防、航空、汽车、电器、化工、日常生活用品等。⑵精密铸造。矾土熟料加工成细粉做成铸模后精铸。用于军工、航天、通讯、仪表、机械及医疗器械部门。⑶用于耐火制品。高铝矾土熟料耐火度高达1780℃，化学稳定性强、物理性能良好。⑷硅酸铝耐火纤维。具有重量轻，耐高温，热稳定性好，导热率低，热容小和耐机械震动等优点。用于钢铁、有色冶金、电子、石油、化工、宇航、原子能、国防等多种工业。它是把高铝熟料放进融化温度约为2000～2200℃的高温电弧炉中，经高温熔化、高压高速空气或蒸汽喷吹、冷却，就成了洁白的“棉花”——硅酸铝耐火纤维。它可压成纤维毯、板或织成布代替冶炼、化工、玻璃等工业高温窑炉内衬的耐火砖。消防人员可用耐火纤维布做成衣服。⑸以镁砂和矾土熟料为原料，加入适当结合剂，用于浇注盛钢桶整体桶衬效果甚佳。⑹制造矾土水泥，研磨材料，陶瓷工业以及化学工业可制铝的各种化合物。

铝土矿名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
1318-16-7

[ 中文名 ]:
铝土矿

[ 英文名 ]:
bauxite

[英文别名 ]:

porocel
porocel o

铝土矿物理化学性质

[ 分子式 ]:
Al₂H₄O₄

[ 分子量 ]:
121.99200

[ 精确质量 ]:
121.97400

[ PSA ]:
52.60000

[ 外观性状 ]:
固体

[ 储存条件 ]:
通风低温干燥

铝土矿毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: CR5700000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Bauxite

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 1318-16-7

LAST UPDATED :: 199710

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 8

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: Al2-O3.xH2-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 228.10

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 22 mg/m3/5Y

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)

REFERENCE :: GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,28,1960 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - M0967 No. of Facilities: 446 (estimated) No. of Industries: 17 No. of Occupations: 18 No. of Employees: 7557 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - M0967 No. of Facilities: 291 (estimated) No. of Industries: 6 No. of Occupations: 27 No. of Employees: 5181 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X2641 No. of Facilities: 38 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 4 No. of Employees: 1366 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X9473 No. of Facilities: 8 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 3 No. of Employees: 243 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 21 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X9684 No. of Facilities: 119 (estimated) No. of Industries: 5 No. of Occupations: 13 No. of Employees: 7816 (estimated)

铝土矿安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS08

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H350-H372

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P201-P308 + P313

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

铝土矿制备

铝土矿选矿比较简单，一般采用手选，但随着我国耐火材料和铝氧工业的发展，对铝土矿原料的生产提出了愈来愈高的要求。铝土矿作为炼铝原料，不同的冶炼方法对其质量要求不同。铝土矿选别的首要任务是提高铝硅比。铝土矿石国外多是三水铝石型，我国则以一水硬铝石型为主。铝土矿到铝锭要经过几道工序，首先要从铝土矿提取氧化铝，一般用烧结法（烧结法则3.5～5.0）或拜耳法（拜耳法铝硅比大于8～10），然后再从氧化铝中提取电解铝，最后才是铝锭。我国氧化铝生产多采用联合法，即混联联合法，它是以拜耳法处理大部分易溶的一水硬铝石，将难溶或不溶部分转入烧结法，且在烧结法中再配入部分铝土矿以提高品位。

铝土矿