石英砂
石英砂用途
要用作脱湿干燥剂、脱水剂、防潮剂和空气湿度调节剂。也用于气体的干燥。还用作催化剂和催化剂的裁体,硅橡胶的补强剂,以及纺织工业上用的浆纱剂。
【用途二】
主要用作液体吸附剂、干燥剂和香料载体,也可用作催化剂载体
【用途三】
作为吸湿剂,其颜色随吸湿量增长由蓝色变成红色,以显示密封包装物空间介质湿度变化
【用途四】
用作苯酐、苯胺、顺丁烯二酸酐、三聚氰胺、顺丁橡胶、丙烯腈等重要石油化工产品的催化剂载体。也广泛用于精制石油化工产品、脱除芳烃、对某些有机气体及液体的选择性吸附分离。还可作为脱除水中多价有害元素的离子交换剂。以及用于材料、器械等物品的干燥贮存和高纯气体的除水精制。
【用途五】
代替硅酸乙酯用于精密铸造,以降低生产费用,改善操作环境,提高产品质量。用作耐火材料及其他材料的胶黏剂。是防止某些制品氧化的包覆材料。作为涂料的配合材料(内外墙水性涂料)以提高结合性、坚牢性、耐磨损性、耐污染性。作为合成纤维的处理剂,以改进纤维的摩擦系数。作为毛纺工业经纱上浆剂,可提高可纺性、手感性、减少飞毛和断头,可提高产量。用于造纸工业提高纸张平滑性及纸张强度。还用作电子材料精加工的研磨剂、催化剂,电瓶中硫酸的凝固剂。
石英砂名称
[ CAS 号 ]:
14808-60-7
[ 中文名 ]:
二氧化硅
[ 英文名 ]:
Silicon dioxide
[中文别名 ]:
[英文别名 ]:
- SILICIC ANHYDRIDE
- disilicic acid
- Hydrogen [hydroxy(oxo)silyl]silicate
- Sand,40-100 mesh
- Silicic acid (HSiO), mono(hydroxyoxosilyl) ester
- Silicon Oxide
- EINECS 215-684-8
- MFCD00131613
- Magnetic particles embedded
- Quartz,Sand,white quartz
石英砂物理化学性质
[ 密度 ]:
2.2
[ 沸点 ]:
2230ºC
[ 熔点 ]:
1610ºC
[ 分子式 ]:
O2Si
[ 分子量 ]:
138.184
[ 精确质量 ]:
137.944077
[ PSA ]:
34.14000
[ 外观性状 ]:
粒状的粗糙的有多样色彩的固体
[ 折射率 ]:
n20/D 1.544(lit.)
[ 储存条件 ]:
室温
[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable.
[ 水溶解性 ]:
insoluble
石英砂MSDS
石英砂毒性和生态
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
- RTECS NUMBER :
- VV7330000
- CHEMICAL NAME :
- Silica, crystalline - quartz
- CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
- 14808-60-7
- LAST UPDATED :
- 199712
- DATA ITEMS CITED :
- 70
- MOLECULAR FORMULA :
- O2-Si
- MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
- 60.09
- WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
- SI O2
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 16 mppcf/8H/17.9Y-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cough Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 300 ug/m3/10Y-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Liver - other changes
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 90 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intratracheal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 200 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 40 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - dog
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 20 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 80 mg/m3/26W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Blood - changes in spleen Immunological Including Allergic - decrease in cellular immune response
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 108 mg/m3/6H/3D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other oxidoreductases Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - other proteins
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 58 mg/m3/13W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Endocrine - changes in thymus weight Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1475 ug/m3/8H/21W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 4932 ug/m3/24H/39W-C
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Endocrine - changes in spleen weight Immunological Including Allergic - decrease in humoral immune response
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - guinea pig
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 28 mg/m3/3W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - changes in lung weight Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other Enzymes
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 50 mg/m3/6H/71W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 45 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 90 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intrapleural
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 90 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intratracheal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 111 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intratracheal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 100 mg/kg/19W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Implant
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 900 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Implant
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 4000 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intrapleural
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - hamster
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 83 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 90 mg/kg/4W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 450 mg/kg/4W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Implant
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 4554 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intrapleural
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 200 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - bronchiogenic carcinoma
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intrapleural
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 100 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intrapleural
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 100 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intrapleural
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 100 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
MUTATION DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Micronucleus test
- TEST SYSTEM :
- Rodent - hamster Lung
- REFERENCE :
- MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 335,27,1995 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.1 mg/m3, respirable dust DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 42,39,1987 IARC Cancer Revew:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,41,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 42,39,1987 IARC Cancer Revew:Human Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,41,1997 IARC Cancer Revew:Group 1 IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,41,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW 31BYAP "Experimental Lung Cancer: Carcinogenesis and Bioassays, International Symposium, 1974," Karbe, E., and J.F. Park, eds., Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 1974 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,94,1974 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-respirable dust in air:TWA 10 mg/m3/% resp. SiO2+2 DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,33,1973 MSHA STANDARD-total dust in air:TWA 30 mg/m3/2(SiO2+3) DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,33,1973 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 10 mg/m3/(% resp SiO2+2) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 10 mg/m3/(% resp SiO2+2) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 30 mg/m3/(%SiO2+2), total dust CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 250 mppcf/(%SiO2+5) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 250 mppcf/(%SiO2+5) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 0.15 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 14 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.15 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 10 mg/m3 (resp. dust) JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 30 mg/m3 (total dust) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (resp. dust) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.3 mg/m3 (total dust) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO SILICA, crystalline quartz-air:10H CA TWA 0.05 mg/m3 REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 66495 No. of Facilities: 4077 (estimated) No. of Industries: 59 No. of Occupations: 82 No. of Employees: 81221 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X6478 No. of Facilities: 135 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 10 No. of Employees: 8927 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 741 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 66495 No. of Facilities: 53724 (estimated) No. of Industries: 254 No. of Occupations: 173 No. of Employees: 944731 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 112888 (estimated)
石英砂安全信息
[ 符号 ]:
GHS08
[ 信号词 ]:
Danger
[ 危害声明 ]:
H372
[ 警示性声明 ]:
P314
[ 靶器官 ]:
Lungs
[ 个人防护装备 ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves
[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xn
[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R37
[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S24/25
[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
NONH for all modes of transport
[ WGK德国 ]:
3
[ RTECS号 ]:
ZG6800000
[ 海关编码 ]:
25061000
石英砂制备
1.离子交换法将稀释的水玻璃过滤除杂质后经阳离子交换,阴离子交换,调节pH值,经蒸发或超滤浓缩,制得硅溶胶。
2. 硅粉法将蒸馏水及氢氧化钠(试剂级)加到反应槽中,升温至65℃,加入一定量的氨水调整碱度,在搅拌下分批加入硅粉,控制温度在8.3℃以下,硅粉加完后继续搅拌2~3h,待pH值降至9~10时,取样分析,反应完成后在搅拌下冷却至50℃,经自然过滤,制得硅溶胶产品。未反应的硅粉可回收再用。 3.硫酸法将稀释的水玻璃与稀硫酸混合于20~30℃进行反应制得硅凝胶,老化4h,用2%~2.5%的稀硫酸浸泡1h,用40~50℃的水洗涤,在转筒烘干器中脱水至含水量≤80%,经烘干至水分含量≤10%,置于500~550℃活化炉中活化,经筛选制得粗孔微球硅胶。 4. 具体工艺流程为:石英砂海关
[ 海关编码 ]: 25061000
石英砂文献
Protein Pept. Lett. 21(11) , 1163-75, (2014)
Stable and mucoadhesive, lyophilised, thiolated chitosan xerogels, loaded with insulin for buccal mucosa deliv- ery, in place of the currently used parenteral route have been developed. The xerogels w...
Vacuolar-ATPase isoform a2 regulates macrophages and cytokine profile necessary for normal spermatogenesis in testis.J. Leukoc. Biol. 96(2) , 337-47, (2014)
a2V is required for maturation of sperm. The decreased expression of a2V at the feto-maternal interphase causes poor pregnancy outcome. The present study examined the role of a2V in spermatogenesis an...
Hemocompatibility evaluation of small elastomeric hollow fiber membranes as vascular substitutes.J. Biomater. Appl. 29(4) , 557-65, (2014)
One of the main challenges for clinical implementation of small diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs) is their limited hemocompatibility. Important design specifications for such grafts include features th...
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产品详情:[Perfemiker]SLE 包埋式二氧化硅磁性微球,基质:SiO2,表面基团:-NH2,粒径:0.1-1μm,单位:5mg/ml
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石英砂相关知识
2019-07-17 21:40:19
二氧化硅,化学术语,纯的二氧化硅无色,常温下为固体,化学式为SiO₂,不溶于水。不溶于酸,但溶于氢氟酸及热浓磷酸,能和熔融碱类起作用。自然界中存在有结晶二氧化硅和无定形二氧化硅两种。二氧化硅用途很广泛,主要用于制玻璃、水玻璃、陶器、搪瓷、耐火材料、气凝胶毡、硅铁、型砂、单质硅、水泥等,在古代,二氧...
2019-07-17 21:41:46
二氧化硅又称硅石,化学式SiO₂,密度为2.2g/cm3。自然界中存在有结晶二氧化硅和无定形二氧化硅两种。结晶二氧化硅因晶体结构不同,分为石英、鳞石英和方石英三种。纯石英为无色晶体,大而透明棱柱状的石英叫水晶。若含有微量杂质的水晶带有不同颜色,有紫水晶、茶晶等。普通的砂是细小的石英晶体,有黄砂(较...
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