甲酸
甲酸用途
用于制备甲酸盐、甲酸酯类、甲酰胺等,还在医药、印染、染料、皮革等工业都具有一定用途
【用途二】
用作化学试剂
【用途三】
用作还原剂、缓冲剂,也用于农药制备
【用途四】
作为青饲料添加剂。
【用途五】
香味增强剂。主要用于配制菠萝、朗姆酒和熏烟等型香精。兼有消毒防腐作用。
【用途六】
纸浆制造中的杀菌防霉。
【用途七】
甲酸是基本有机化工原料之一,广泛用于农药,皮革,纺织,印染,医药和橡胶工业等,还可制取各种溶剂,增塑剂,橡胶凝固剂,动物饲料添加剂及新工艺合成胰岛素等。我国的甲酸消费中,医药工业约占45%,化学工业约占30%,轻工,纺织等其它部门约占25%。甲酸是我国重要的出口化工产品之一。目前我国甲酸生产全部采用甲酸钠法。甲酸常用作廉价的,挥发性和腐蚀性较小的无机酸的代用品,广泛用于轻工行业。在纺织和印染工业中,甲酸用作消除印地科素亚硝酸钠法所产生的亚硝酸气用剂,弱酸性染料和中性络合染料染色助剂,活性染料染锦纶的助染剂。甲酸不会在印染过程中残留在织物上,酸性较乙酸强,能使六介铬还原,因此可在铬媒染过程中提高染料的利用率。用甲酸代替硫酸可避免纤维素降解,而且酸度适中,染色均习,因此是一种优良助染剂。甲酸作为无机酸的代用品,用于鞣革中的脱色,脱毛,中和石灰和防止湿皮革的发霉。用甲酸作凝固剂可以提出高天然橡胶的质量,降低生产成本,也可用于废旧橡胶的再生。用甲酸制作饲料添加剂,在青贮饲料方面有很大潜力。甲酸有抑制或防止霉菌生长的功能,对饲料能改变天然的发酵形式,常添加脂酸以增进抗霉效果。用甲酸处理过的青饲料喂奶牛能防止冬季牛奶减产,育肥效果也有明显提高。在食品工业中,甲酸用于酿酒行业的消毒,防腐,用作罐头的清洗消毒剂,果汁和食物的保藏剂。甲酸的大量衍生物是医药,农药,染料,香料,溶剂的中间体,用于制造冰片,氨基比林,咖啡因,维生素B1,安乃近,杀虫脒,粉锈宁,三环唑,二甲基甲酰胺等。甲酸衍生物中以取代的甲酰胺和甲酸酯类在工业上应用较多(甲酰胺的衍生物见该品条目)。甲酸的酯类在香料工业中用途很广,如:甲酸乙酯——桃,莓等果实香精;甲酸异戊酯——果实香精,皮革用香精;甲酸已酯——苹果香精;甲酸庚酯——杏,梅,桃等果实香精;甲酸正癸酯——橙花香精及鸢尾油用;甲酸苄酯——素馨等花香及皂用香精;甲酸桂酯——素馨及月下香等香精用;甲酸香茅酯——用于玫瑰,桂花,野百合等香精;甲酸丁香酯——用于康乃馨香精等;甲酸香叶酯——玫瑰,橙花,香叶等香精;甲酸芳樟酯——薰衣草,香柠檬等香精;甲酸薄荷酯——化妆品香精,喷雾用香精;甲酸苯乙酯——白玫瑰,兰花,菊花等香精;甲酸百里香酯——化妆品香料。
【用途八】
还原剂,测定砷、铋、铝、铜、金、铟、铁、铅、锰、汞、钼、银和锌等,检定铈,铼和钨,检验芳香族伯胺和仲胺,测定分子量及结晶的溶剂,测定甲氧基,显微分析中用作固定剂,制造甲酸盐类。
甲酸名称
[ CAS 号 ]:
64-18-6
[ 中文名 ]:
甲酸
[ 英文名 ]:
Formic Acid
[中文别名 ]:
[英文别名 ]:
- MFCD00003274
- formic
- Myrmicyl
- EINECS 200-001-8
- Formira
- FORMOL
- Bilorin
- Formic acid
- Add-F
- Amasil
甲酸物理化学性质
[ 密度 ]:
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
[ 沸点 ]:
100.6±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg
[ 熔点 ]:
8.2-8.4 °C(lit.)
[ 分子式 ]:
CH2O2
[ 分子量 ]:
46.025
[ 闪点 ]:
29.9±13.4 °C
[ 精确质量 ]:
46.005478
[ PSA ]:
37.30000
[ LogP ]:
-0.54
[ 外观性状 ]:
无色液体带有一种辛辣气味
[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
1.03 (vs air)
[ 蒸汽压 ]:
36.5±0.2 mmHg at 25°C
[ 折射率 ]:
1.342
[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与碱类、氧化剂、H发孔剂、氰化物分开存放
[ 水溶解性 ]:
MISCIBLE
甲酸MSDS
甲酸毒性和生态
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
- RTECS NUMBER :
- LQ4900000
- CHEMICAL NAME :
- Formic acid
- CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
- 64-18-6
- LAST UPDATED :
- 199712
- DATA ITEMS CITED :
- 64
- MOLECULAR FORMULA :
- C-H2-O2
- MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
- 46.03
- WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
- VHQ
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Open irritation test
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration onto the skin
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Standard Draize test
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration into the eye
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - woman
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 2200 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - sputum Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - hematuria Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - metabolic acidosis
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - man
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 7300 ug/m3/8H
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - woman
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 2440 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Vascular - shock Blood - other hemolysis with or without anemia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - metabolic acidosis
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1100 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 15 gm/m3/15M
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 700 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 6200 mg/m3/15M
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 940 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 145 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - dog
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 4 gm/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - dog
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 3 gm/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 239 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 22680 mg/kg/9W-C
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 500 ppm/6H/12D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Related to Chronic Data - death
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 64 ppm/6H/13W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - changes in lung weight Liver - changes in liver weight Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 50 mg/m3/16W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Brain and Coverings - recordings from specific areas of CNS Liver - liver function tests impaired Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - proteinuria
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 500 ppm/6H/12D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Related to Chronic Data - death
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 64 ppm/6H/13W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
MUTATION DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Cytogenetic analysis
- TEST SYSTEM :
- Rodent - hamster Ovary
- REFERENCE :
- MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 240,195,1990 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-STEL 19 mg/m3 (10 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 9.4 mg/m3 (5 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AMIHAB AMA Archives of Industrial Health. (Chicago, IL) V.11-21, 1955-60. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,517,1959 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,299,1978 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,119,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 5 ppm (9.4 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (18 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:STEL 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 5 mg/m3;STEL 8 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 5 ppm (9.4 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 5 ppm;STEL 1 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (18 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO FORMIC ACID-air:10H TWA 5 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 33720 No. of Facilities: 3537 (estimated) No. of Industries: 59 No. of Occupations: 48 No. of Employees: 34087 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 33720 No. of Facilities: 6368 (estimated) No. of Industries: 95 No. of Occupations: 77 No. of Employees: 158933 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 37338 (estimated)
甲酸安全信息
[ 符号 ]:
GHS02, GHS05, GHS06
[ 信号词 ]:
Danger
[ 危害声明 ]:
H226-H302-H314-H331
[ 补充危害声明 ]:
Corrosive to the respiratory tract.
[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P260-P280-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338-P370 + P378
[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;Goggles;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter
[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
C:Corrosive
[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R35
[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S36/37-S45-S26-S23-S36/37/39
[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1198 3/PG 3
[ WGK德国 ]:
2
[ RTECS号 ]:
LP8925000
[ 包装等级 ]:
II
[ 危险类别 ]:
8
[ 海关编码 ]:
2915110000
甲酸合成路线
甲酸上下游产品
甲酸上游产品
甲酸下游产品
甲酸制备
1.甲酸钠法 一氧化碳和氢氧化钠溶液在160-200℃和2MPa压力下反应生成甲酸钠,然后经硫酸酸解、蒸馏即得成品。
2.甲醇羰基合成法(又称甲酸甲酯法) 甲醇和一氧化碳在催化剂甲醇钠存在下反应,生成甲酸甲酯,然后再经水解生成甲酸和甲醇。甲醇可循环送入甲酸甲酯反应器,甲酸再经精馏即可得到不同规格的产品。
3.甲酰胺法 一氧化碳和氨在甲醇溶液中反应生成甲酰胺,再在硫酸存在下水解得甲酸,同时副产硫酸铵。原料消耗定额:甲醇31kg/t、一氧化碳702kg/t、氨314kg/t、硫酸1010kg/t。另外,丁烷枵轻油氧化法主要用来生产乙酸,甲酸作为副产品回收,处于研究阶段的方法有一氧化碳和水直接合成法。
精制方法:无水甲酸可在减压下直接分馏制得,分馏时用冰水冷却凝结。对含水甲酸,可用硼酐或无水硫酸铜做干燥剂。五氧化二磷和氯化钙能与甲酸作用,不宜用作干燥剂。对试剂级88%的甲酸,可用邻苯二甲酸酐回流6小时后蒸馏的方法除去其中的水分。进一步纯化可利用分步结晶法。甲酸与乙酸混在一起时,可加入脂肪烃进行共沸蒸馏分离。
4.将适量的一氧化碳和氢氧化钠水溶液在160~200℃下反应生成甲酸钠,经中和、蒸馏、冷凝而得。或者在三乙胺水溶液中,以钯络合物为催化剂,二氧化碳与氢气于140~160℃反应制得。
5.以甲酸钠与浓硫酸作用制得工业级甲酸,然后可用活性炭吸附后减压蒸馏以制得纯品,也可加入B2O3 CuSO4进行减压蒸馏精制。
6.二氧化碳法 在钯络合物催化下,在三乙胺水溶液中,二氧化碳与氢气于140~160℃反应而得。反应式:
7.主要采用合成酸化法和高压催化法。合成酸化法:用焦炭燃烧产生的一氧化碳与氢氧化钠合成甲酸钠,再用硫酸酸化,经蒸馏而得。高压催化法:将一氧化碳和水蒸气在催化剂存在下,于高温高压下反应而得。
8.制法:将甲酸与五氧化二磷混合,进行减压蒸馏,反复5一10次,方可得到无水甲酸,但得量低,费时长,会造成一些分解。将甲酸与硼酸醉进行蒸馏,操作简便,效果更好。将硼酸置甩沪中高温脱水至不再产生气泡,所得熔融物倒在铁片一上,置干燥器中冷却,然后研磨成粉。将硼酸酚细粉加到甲酸中,放置几日,形成硬块,分出清彻液体进行减压蒸馏,收集22一25℃/12-18mm馏份为产品。蒸馏器应是全磨口接头并有干燥管保护。
甲酸海关
[ 海关编码 ]: 2915110000
甲酸文献
J. Ethnopharmacol. 159 , 93-101, (2014)
Previous studies in our laboratory revealed the neuroprotective effect of modified Yeoldahanso-tang (MYH) in models of Parkinson׳s disease (PD). In this study, we investigated another traditional Kore...
Biomolecular imaging with a C60-SIMS/MALDI dual ion source hybrid mass spectrometer: instrumentation, matrix enhancement, and single cell analysis.J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 25(11) , 1897-907, (2014)
We describe a hybrid MALDI/C(60)-SIMS Q-TOF mass spectrometer and corresponding sample preparation protocols to image intact biomolecules and their fragments in mammalian spinal cord, individual inver...
Methionine oxidation accelerates the aggregation and enhances the neurotoxicity of the D178N variant of the human prion protein.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1842(12 Pt A) , 2345-56, (2014)
The D178N mutation of the prion protein (PrP) results in the hereditary prion disease fatal familial insomnia (FFI). Little is known regarding the effects of methionine oxidation on the pathogenesis o...
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甲酸相关知识
2019-07-17 15:24:02
甲酸(化学式HCOOH,分子式CH2O2,分子量46.03),俗名蚁酸,是最简单的羧酸。无色而有刺激性气味的液体。弱电解质,熔点8.6℃,沸点100.8℃。酸性很强,有腐蚀性,能刺激皮肤起泡。存在于蜂类、某些蚁类和毛虫的分泌物中。是有机化工原料,也用作消毒剂和防腐剂。沸点属于物理性质,甲酸和乙醇都...
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【甲酸】化源网提供甲酸CAS号64-18-6,甲酸MSDS及其说明、性质、英文名、生产厂家、作用/用途、分子量、密度、沸点、熔点、结构式等。CAS号查询甲酸上化源网,专业又轻松。>>电脑版:甲酸
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