钨粉

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

W

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

183.85

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

WO

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

REFERENCE :

28ZPAK "Sbornik Vysledku Toxixologickeho Vysetreni Latek A Pripravku," Marhold, J.V., Institut Pro Vychovu Vedoucicn Pracovniku Chemickeho Prumyclu Praha, Czechoslovakia, 1972 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,19,1972

TYPE OF TEST :

Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

REFERENCE :

28ZPAK "Sbornik Vysledku Toxixologickeho Vysetreni Latek A Pripravku," Marhold, J.V., Institut Pro Vychovu Vedoucicn Pracovniku Chemickeho Prumyclu Praha, Czechoslovakia, 1972 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,19,1972 ** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

5 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Vascular - regional or general arteriolar or venous dilation Liver - other changes Blood - other changes

REFERENCE :

INMEAF Industrial Medicine. (Chicago, IL) V.1-18, 1932-49. For publisher information, see IOHSA5. Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,482,1946 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1210 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 35 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

REFERENCE :

GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 42(8),30,1977

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1160 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 30 week(s) pre-mating female 1-20 day(s) after conception

REFERENCE :

FATOAO Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). For English translation, see PHTXA6 and RPTOAN. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.2- 1939- Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,620,1978 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 1 mg/m3 (soluble) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,272,1971 MSHA STANDARD:air-TWA 5 mg/m3 (insoluble) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,272,1971 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-DENMARK:TWA 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 5 mg/m3;STEL 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO TUNGSTEN, insoluble-air:TWA 5 mg(W)/m3;STEL 10 mg/m3 REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO TUNGSTEN, soluble-air:10H TWA 1 mg(W)/m3;STEL 3 mg/m3 REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 74980 No. of Facilities: 530 (estimated) No. of Industries: 20 No. of Occupations: 24 No. of Employees: 4735 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X5928 No. of Facilities: 53 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 11 No. of Employees: 3907 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 1258 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X7685 No. of Facilities: 174 (estimated) No. of Industries: 5 No. of Occupations: 15 No. of Employees: 4822 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 3021 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 74980 No. of Facilities: 1623 (estimated) No. of Industries: 52 No. of Occupations: 43 No. of Employees: 38323 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 3591 (estimated)