金属铬

金属铬用途

【用途一】
用于铬镍钢的制造及电子、仪表工业
【用途二】
用于炼制高温合金、电阻合金、精密合金等
【用途三】
用于炼制高温合金、电阻合金、精密合金作为铬元素添加剂用。
【用途四】
用于制造坚韧优质钢及不锈钢、耐酸合金；纯铬用于电镀。
【用途五】
用于制造坚韧优质钢及不锈钢、耐酸合金；纯铬用于电镀。用于ICP-AES、AAS、AFS、ICP-MS、离子色谱等。滴定分析用标准溶液。校准仪器和装置；评价方法；工作标准；质量保证/质量控制；其他。

金属铬名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
7440-47-3

[ 中文名 ]:
铬

[ 英文名 ]:
chromium

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

Chromium metal
EINECS 231-157-5
MFCD00010944
Chromium
Chrome
Chrom
cromo

金属铬物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
7.14 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)

[ 沸点 ]:
2200 ºC

[ 熔点 ]:
1890 ºC

[ 分子式 ]:
Cr

[ 分子量 ]:
51.99610

[ 闪点 ]:
50 °F

[ 精确质量 ]:
51.94050

[ 外观性状 ]:
银色-灰色固体

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房低温,通风,干燥,与食品原料分开存放,避免扬尘

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Incompatible with carbonates, strong bases, mineral acids, lithium, sulfur dioxide, strong acids.

金属铬MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

金属铬毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: GB4200000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Chromium

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 7440-47-3

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 54

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: Cr

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 52.00

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: CR

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 27500 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 37(10),27,1972 ** TUMORIGENIC DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2160 ug/kg/6W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease

REFERENCE :: JNCIAM Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.1-60, 1940-78. For publisher information, see JJIND8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,447,1955

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Implant

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1200 ug/kg/6W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

REFERENCE :: JNCIAM Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.1-60, 1940-78. For publisher information, see JJIND8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,447,1955

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Implant

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 75 mg/kg

REFERENCE :: ZEKBAI Zeitschrift fuer Krebsforschung. (Berlin, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-75, 1903-71. For publisher information, see JCROD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 52,425,1942 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.5 mg(Cr)/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,205,1980 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 49,49,1990 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,205,1980 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 49,49,1990 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 49,49,1990 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW 85CVA2 "Oncology 1970, Proceedings of the Tenth International Cancer Congress," Chicago, Year Book Medical Pub., 1971 Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,63,1970 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW KOTTAM Kogai to Taisaku. Journal of Environmental Pollution Control. (Kogai Taisaku Gijutsu Dokokai, Shuwa-Akasaka Bldg., 9-1-244, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107, Japan) V.1- 1965- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,1300,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW FOREAE Food Research. (Champaign, IL) V.1-25, 1936-60. For publisher information, see JFDSAZ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,313,1942 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW MIBUBI Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni. Bulletin of Microbiology. (c/o Dr. A. Tevfik Cenqiz, Ankara Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Mikrobiyoloji Ana Bilim Dah, Ankara, Turkey) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,321,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,105,1971 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW PEXTAR Progress in Experimental Tumor Research. (S. Karger AG, Postfach CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,102,1969 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW 85DHAX "Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants Series," Washington, DC, National Academy of Sciences, 1972-77 Volume(issue)/page/year: Cr,22,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW BNYMAM Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine. (New York Academy of Medicine, 2 E. 103rd St., New York, NY 10029) Ser 2: V.1- 1925- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,413,1978 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: CONF-691001 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 0.5 mg/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,56,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 1 mg(Cr)/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 1 mg(Cr)/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 1 mg(Cr)/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 1 mg(Cr)/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 0.05 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.05 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.01 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO CHROMIUM METAL-air:10H TWA 0.5 mg/m3 REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 19395 No. of Facilities: 1375 (estimated) No. of Industries: 43 No. of Occupations: 49 No. of Employees: 16576 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X5981 No. of Facilities: 318 (estimated) No. of Industries: 10 No. of Occupations: 6 No. of Employees: 2034 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 3 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X5982 No. of Facilities: 19 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 2 No. of Employees: 2379 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 19395 No. of Facilities: 25576 (estimated) No. of Industries: 228 No. of Occupations: 101 No. of Employees: 386142 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 10433 (estimated)

金属铬安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS09

[ 信号词 ]:
Warning

[ 危害声明 ]:
H410

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xn:Harmful

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R40

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S16-S26-S36/37/39-S45-S36/37-S27

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 2924 3/PG 2

[ WGK德国 ]:
3

[ RTECS号 ]:
GB4200000

[ 包装等级 ]:
III

[ 危险类别 ]:
4.1

[ 海关编码 ]:
8112210000

金属铬合成路线

详细合成路线

金属铬上下游产品

金属铬上游产品

金属铬下游产品

金属铬制备

1.金属铬的生产，一直沿用铬铁矿钙法焙烧工艺，使三氧化二铬转化为铬酸钠，用稀溶液和水浸取成铬酸钠溶液，然后用电解法制造。由于铬铁矿及其附加剂中硅、铝等杂质含量较高，致使工艺中排渣量大，因渣中含有毒的水溶Cr⁶⁺，严重污染环境。
近年提出将铬铁矿先经还原制成碳素铬铁，再同纯碱进行氧化焙烧、浸取，得到铬酸钠溶液，此法的优点是铬铁矿中杂质大部分进入冶炼渣中，则混合料中全铬可配得较高，焙烧过程消耗于杂质的纯碱较少。
电解法用铬酸钠作为补偿液进行电解时，阴极液为40 g/L(以Cr计)、90g/L(以NH4计)；阳极液为22 g/L(以Cr计)，18 g/L(以NH4计)，200g/L H₂S0₄。阴极用不锈钢，阳极用Pb-Ag合金，在温度约60℃、槽电压4.8 V、电流密度8.6 A/cm下进行电解，制得金属铬成品。

Cr2O3的铝热还原法，氯化铬钾镁还原法，电解法并真空加热（600℃）除氢，CrCl3在高压釜中钙还原等。

金属铬海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 8112210000

金属铬文献

Noise phenomena caused by reversible adsorption in nanoscale electrochemical devices.

ACS Nano 8(5) , 4924-30, (2014)

We theoretically investigate reversible adsorption in electrochemical devices on a molecular level. To this end, a computational framework is introduced, which is based on 3D random walks including pr...

Use of high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for rapid multi-component analysis of urine.

Clin. Chem. 30(3) , 426-32, (1984)

Numerous low-Mr metabolites--including creatinine, citrate, hippurate, glucose, ketone bodies, and various amino acids--have been identified in 400- and 500-MHz proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H N...

1,5-anhydroglucitol and postprandial hyperglycemia as measured by continuous glucose monitoring system in moderately controlled patients with diabetes.

Diabetes Care 29(6) , 1214-9, (2006)

Postprandial hyperglycemia is often inadequately assessed in diabetes management. Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) drops as serum glucose rises above the renal threshold for glucose and has been pro...

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金属铬