乙酰氯

乙酰氯用途

【用途一】
用于有机合成、染料及医药等工业
【用途二】
用作分析试剂，也用于乙酰基衍生物和染料的制备
【用途三】
是乙酰化剂，用作农药和医药的原料，还是制造水处理剂亚乙基二磷酸的中间体
【用途四】
为农药和医药的原料，还是制造水处理剂亚乙基二磷酸的中间体，也用于制造新型电镀络合剂。乙酰氯是重要的乙酰化试剂，酰化能力比乙酐强，广泛用于有机合成，染料。也是羧酸发生氯化反应的催化剂，还可用于羟基和氨基的定量分析。
【用途五】
测定胆固醇及有机液体中的水分、测定羟基四乙基铅等，鉴定亚硝基。用作乙酰化试剂。用于制药的染料合成。

乙酰氯名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
75-36-5

[ 中文名 ]:
乙酰氯

[ 英文名 ]:
Acetyl chloride

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

EINECS 200-865-6
Ethanoic acid chloride
1-Chloroethanone
Ethanoylcholride
MFCD00000719
acetic acid chloride
ACETYLCLORIDE
CH3COCl
acetylchloride313
Acetic chloride

乙酰氯物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.1±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
46.0±3.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
-112 °C

[ 分子式 ]:
C₂H₃ClO

[ 分子量 ]:
78.498

[ 闪点 ]:
4.4±0.0 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
77.987244

[ PSA ]:
17.07000

[ LogP ]:
0.46

[ 外观性状 ]:
无色至淡黄色液体带有一种辛辣

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
2.7 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
341.6±0.1 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.379

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、酸类分开存放

[ 水溶解性 ]:
混溶：乙醚,苯,氯仿；可溶于：丙酮

乙酰氯MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

乙酰氯毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: AO6390000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Acetyl chloride

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 75-36-5

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0605303

LAST UPDATED :: 199701

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 6

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C2-H3-Cl-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 78.50

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: GV1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 2 ppm/1M

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

REFERENCE :: TGNCDL "Handbook of Organic Industrial Solvents," 2nd ed., Chicago, National Assoc. of Mutual Casualty Companies, 1961 Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,28,1961

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 910 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Behavioral - excitement Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

REFERENCE :: GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI Volume(issue)/page/year: 32(3),48,1988 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 81687 No. of Facilities: 96 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 7 No. of Employees: 931 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 81687 No. of Facilities: 40 (estimated) No. of Industries: 3 No. of Occupations: 5 No. of Employees: 2534 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 575 (estimated)

乙酰氯安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS05, GHS07

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H225-H302-H314

[ 补充危害声明 ]:
Reacts violently with water.

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P310

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;Goggles;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US)

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
C:Corrosive

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R11;R14;R34

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S9-S16-S26-S45-S1/2

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1717 3/PG 2

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
AO6390000

[ 包装等级 ]:
II

[ 危险类别 ]:
3

[ 海关编码 ]:
2915900090

乙酰氯合成路线

详细合成路线

乙酰氯上下游产品

乙酰氯上游产品

乙酰氯下游产品

乙酰氯制备

工业上，乙酰氯可由乙烯配氯化氢反应，或由乙酸钠，二氧化硫与氯反应制得。实验室可由乙酸，乙酸钠或乙酐与各种氯化剂反应制得。例如乙酐与氯磺酸(或氯化氢,四氯化碳,光气)反应得到。也可用冰醋酸与苯甲酰氯(或四氯化硅，三氯化磷，氯化亚硫酸，五氯化磷，)反应得到。操作实例1：配料比(摩尔比)为冰醋酸：三氯化磷=3：1.2。将冰醋酸加入反应器，缓慢搅拌，于室温下在10-15min内滴加三氯化磷。加热升温，保持40-50℃反应0.5h，反应产物静置，分离即得乙酰氯粗品，纯收率70%左右。操作实例2 在3L三口烧瓶中，放入360g(6mol)冰醋酸和552g甲苯，加热至50℃于30min内滴加510g(3mol)四氯化硅，并在50℃保温至氯化氢气体不再急剧逸出为止。再进行分馏，蒸至柱顶温度80-85℃为止得粗品。精品再蒸馏，取50-65馏分，得乙酰氯400g，产率85%。原料消耗定额：冰醋酸850kg/t、三氯化磷1950kg/t。

乙酰氯海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2915900090

[ 中文概述 ]:
2915900090. 其他饱和无环一元羧酸及其酸酐（酰卤、过氧）化物、过氧酸及其卤化、硝化、磺化、亚硝化衍生物. 增值税率:17.0%. 退税率:9.0%. 监管条件:AB(入境货物通关单,出境货物通关单). 最惠国关税:5.5%. 普通关税:30.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途

[ 监管条件 ]: A.入境货物通关单 B.出境货物通关单

[ 检验检疫 ]: R.进口食品卫生监督检验 S.出口食品卫生监督检验 M.进口商品检验 N.出口商品检验

[ Summary ]:
2915900090 other saturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives VAT:17.0% Tax rebate rate:9.0% Supervision conditions:AB(certificate of inspection for goods inward,certificate of inspection for goods outward) MFN tariff:5.5% General tariff:30.0%

乙酰氯文献

Epitope mapping of the 2009 pandemic and the A/Brisbane/59/2007 seasonal (H1N1) influenza virus haemagglutinins using mAbs and escape mutants.

J. Gen. Virol. 95(Pt 11) , 2377-89, (2014)

mAbs constitute an important biological tool for influenza virus haemagglutinin (HA) epitope mapping through the generation of escape mutants, which could provide insights into immune evasion mechanis...

Limited effect of recombinant human mannose-binding lectin on the infection of novel influenza A (H7N9) virus in vitro.

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 458(1) , 77-81, (2015)

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a pattern-recognition molecule in serum, recognizes specific hexose sugars rich in mannose and N-acetylglucosamine on bacterium, yeasts, viruses as well as apoptotic cell...

Remarkably regioselective deacylation of cellulose esters using tetraalkylammonium salts of the strongly basic hydroxide ion.

Carbohydr. Polym. 111 , 25-32, (2014)

Tetraalkylammonium hydroxides have been found to mediate regioselective deacylation of cellulose esters. This deacylation surprisingly shows substantial selectivity for the removal of the acyl groups ...

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乙酰氯