磷酸

磷酸用途

用途一：主要用于磷酸盐工业、电镀、抛光工业、制糖工业、复合肥料等。在食品工业中作为酸味剂、酵母营养剂等
用途二：主要用于制取化学肥料、洗涤剂、食品和饲料添加剂、阻燃剂及各种磷酸盐
用途三：常用作分析试剂
用途四：用于容量及比色分析等
用途五：在硅平面管和集成电路生产中，普遍用铝膜作电极引线，需要对铝膜进行光刻，用磷酸作酸性清洗腐蚀剂。可与乙酸配制使用。
用途六：可用作酸味剂和酵母的营养剂。可用于调味料、罐头、清凉饮料的酸味剂。用于酿酒时的酵母营养源，防止杂菌繁殖。
用途七：湿法磷酸主要用于制造各种磷酸盐，如磷酸铵、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸三钠等和缩合磷酸盐类。精制磷酸用于制饲料用磷酸氢钙。用于金属表面磷化处理，配制电解抛光液和化学抛光液用于铝制品的抛光。医药工业用于制造甘油磷酸钠、磷酸铁等，也用于制造磷酸锌作为牙科补牙黏合剂。用作酚醛树脂缩合的催化剂，染料及中间体生产用的干燥剂。印刷工业用于配制揩去胶印彩印版上污点的清洗液。还用于配制火柴梗浸渍液。冶金工业用于生产磷酸耐火泥，提高炼钢炉寿命。是橡胶浆料的凝固剂及生产无机黏结剂的原料。涂料工业用作金属防锈漆。
用途八：作酵母营养剂、螯合剂、抗氧化增效剂和无机酸味剂，酸味度为2.3～2.5，可用于复合调味料、罐头、干酪、果冻和可乐型饮料，按生产需要适量使用。
用途九：主要用于乙烯水合生产乙醇用催化剂、高纯磷酸盐、医药品制造、化学试剂。
用途十：测定钢铁中铬、镍、钒成分、金属防锈、橡胶凝固剂，测定血清中非蛋白氮、总胆醇和全血葡萄糖等。结晶磷酸主要用于微电子、高能电池、激光玻璃等制造工艺，用作高纯催化剂、医学材料。

磷酸名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
7664-38-2

[ 中文名 ]:
磷酸

[ 英文名 ]:
Phosphoric acid

[英文别名 ]:

wc-reiniger
EVITs
H3PO4
PHOS ACID
MFCD00011340
NFB
Phosphoric
Sonac
EINECS 231-633-2
FEMA 2900

磷酸物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
2.2±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
158.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
~40 °C(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
H₃O₄P

[ 分子量 ]:
97.995

[ 精确质量 ]:
97.976898

[ PSA ]:
87.57000

[ LogP ]:
-2.15

[ 外观性状 ]:
透明液体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
3.4 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
1.4±0.6 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.510

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与H发孔剂、碱类分开存放

[ 水溶解性 ]:
MISCIBLE

磷酸MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

磷酸毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: TB6300000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Phosphoric acid

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 7664-38-2

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 40

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: H3-O4-P

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 98.00

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: H3 P-O4

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

REFERENCE :: BIOFX* BIOFAX Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. (1810 Frontage Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062) Volume(issue)/page/year: 17-4/1970

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

REFERENCE :: BIOFX* BIOFAX Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. (1810 Frontage Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062) Volume(issue)/page/year: 17-4/1970 ** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 220 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: 85DCAI "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970 Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,73,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1530 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - hematuria Skin and Appendages - hair

REFERENCE :: BIOFX* BIOFAX Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. (1810 Frontage Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062) Volume(issue)/page/year: 17-4/1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >850 mg/m3/1H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: BIOFX* BIOFAX Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. (1810 Frontage Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062) Volume(issue)/page/year: 17-4/1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 2740 mg/kg

REFERENCE :: BIOFX* BIOFAX Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. (1810 Frontage Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062) Volume(issue)/page/year: 17-4/1970 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-STEL 3 mg/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 1 mg/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,299,1978 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 1 mg/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,210,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 1 mg/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 1 mg/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 1 mg/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 1 mg/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 1 mg/m3;STEL 3 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 1 mg/m3;STEL 3 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 1 mg/m3;STEL 3 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 1 mg/m3;STEL 3 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 1 mg/m3;STEL 3 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 1 mg/m3;STEL 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO PHOSPHORIC ACID-air:10H TWA 1 mg/m3;STEL 3 mg/m3 REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 58520 No. of Facilities: 42406 (estimated) No. of Industries: 257 No. of Occupations: 146 No. of Employees: 454920 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 58520 No. of Facilities: 61396 (estimated) No. of Industries: 309 No. of Occupations: 198 No. of Employees: 1256907 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 450478 (estimated)

磷酸安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS05

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H290-H314

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P280-P303 + P361 + P353-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Faceshields;Gloves;Goggles

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
C:Corrosive

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R34

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S7-S16-S26-S36/37-S45-S36/37/39-S1/2-S24/25

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 3453 8/PG 3

[ WGK德国 ]:
3

[ RTECS号 ]:
TB6300000

[ 包装等级 ]:
III

[ 危险类别 ]:
8

[ 海关编码 ]:
2809201900

磷酸合成路线

详细合成路线

磷酸上下游产品

磷酸上游产品

磷酸下游产品

磷酸制备

1.工业生产方法有湿法和热法。前者制得磷酸浓度较低，而且含杂质较多，需要进行净化。如以酮-醇混合物为萃取体系精制湿法磷酸，经萃取-洗涤-反萃取和钡盐沉淀净化的工艺流程，已生产出合格的85%工业磷酸。后者制得磷酸浓度和纯度都高，但耗电量大、投资和成本较高。
湿法是用酸分解磷矿石制得。此法分为硫酸法、盐酸法、硝酸法和硫酸氢铵法。常用为硫酸法。硫酸法由于反应温度和制得磷酸浓度不同，在磷酸水溶液中硫酸钙晶体有三种不同形式，按其生产工艺分为“二水物”流程、“半水物”流程、“无水物”流程，近年还出现“半水-二水物”流程和“二水-半水物”流程等。

2.湿法(硫酸法)二水物流程将磷矿石粉碎至80～100目后，加入萃取槽，再加人淡磷酸和返酸以维持料浆的液固比为(2.5～3.5)：1(重量比)，并调节磷酸浓度。把硫酸按理论量的102%～104%加入萃取槽，与磷矿粉于75～85℃进行萃取反应4～8h。反应后的料浆经过滤，滤液即为磷酸，浓度一般在20%～25%P2O5，其中一部分返回萃取槽调节液固比，另一部分送去蒸发浓缩，制得磷酸成品。其

滤渣经多次洗涤后排出，其磷石膏用于制造硫酸的原料，洗液返回萃取槽用。
热法热法磷酸的生产有酸冷流程、水冷流程和喷射除雾流程，现分述如下：
酸冷流程将黄磷在熔磷槽内熔化成液体，经磷喷嘴送人燃烧水合塔，同时用压缩空气(一次空气)将磷雾化，使磷氧化燃烧生成五氧化二磷。为了使磷氧化完全，在塔顶还需补充二次空气。在塔顶沿塔壁淋洒30～40℃的循环磷酸，使五氧化二磷气体冷却，同时与水合成磷酸。排出的气体进入电除雾器以回收磷酸，再经冷却至30～40℃后，大部分作循环磷酸返回燃烧水合塔，小部分作磷酸成品。其

水冷流程将黄磷熔化后，用泵把液态磷送人燃烧室，同时用压缩空气使磷雾化，并补充二次空气，使磷在燃烧室内进行氧化。产生气体温度为800℃左右，在室外用水冷却，使壁温保持80～125℃。从燃烧室出来的气体进入石墨制的气体冷却器，气体经冷却至80℃时进入水合塔，在塔中分三层喷水冷却，并水合成磷酸成品。尾气冷却至100℃以下，经电除雾器排入大气。
喷射除雾流程将液态黄磷经磷喷嘴送入燃烧水合塔，同时用压缩空气使磷雾化，燃烧生成的五氧化二磷立即与水形成磷酸酸雾。将酸雾经热交换器冷却后被喷射除雾器吸人，酸雾在喷射器喉部碰撞，凝集成大颗粒后在旋风分离器内回收，配制成85%H3PO4，制得磷酸成品。

3.制法以热法还原所生产的工业磷酸为原料，加热至80℃左右，然后通入硫化氢气体达到饱和，密闭静置，使硫化砷和硫化铅沉淀完全，过滤。加热滤液不超过150℃，蒸发，以除去硫化氢和氯化氢气体，浓缩至相对密度等于1.90为止。如需进一步提高质量，可先用上述磷酸用水稀释至相对密度为1.06以下，过滤、蒸发、浓缩至相对密度为1.70（20℃），冷却，得到的是松散的含水试剂磷酸。

4.① 黄磷气化后导入空气或过热水蒸气使其氧化，生成五氧化磷，用水吸收，经除砷而得。② 用硝酸使磷氧化而得。③ 磷酸三钙（骨灰）与稀硫酸共热，经分解后，滤出滤液，再浓缩而得。

磷酸海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2809201900

磷酸文献

Metagenome-wide association of microbial determinants of host phenotype in Drosophila melanogaster.

MBio 5(5) , e01631-14, (2014)

Animal-associated bacteria (microbiota) affect host behaviors and physiological traits. To identify bacterial genetic determinants of microbiota-responsive host traits, we employed a metagenome-wide a...

Investigations on the transfer of porphyrin from o/w emulsion droplets to liposomes with two different methods.

Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 41(1) , 156-62, (2014)

Due to their small particle size, colloidal fat emulsions are suitable for intravenous administration. In order to obtain information on their potential in vivo performance, it is important to find a ...

Process development for scum to biodiesel conversion.

Bioresour. Technol. 185 , 185-93, (2015)

A novel process was developed for converting scum, a waste material from wastewater treatment facilities, to biodiesel. Scum is an oily waste that was skimmed from the surface of primary and secondary...

更多文献

磷酸