硫酸二甲酯

硫酸二甲酯用途

【用途一】
用于制造二甲基亚砜、咖啡因、可待因、香草醛、氨基比林、甲氧苄氨嘧啶以及农药乙酰甲胺磷等
【用途二】
用作测定煤焦油类的试剂，在有机合成中用作甲基取代剂，还可用作芳香族烃的溶剂
【用途三】
用作甲基化剂，用于制造二甲基亚砜、咖啡因、香草醛、氨基比林、甲氧苄氨嘧啶以及农药乙酰甲胺磷等
【用途四】
硫酸二甲酯是一种重要的有机中间体，在农药生产中主要作为甲基化试剂，在分子中引入甲基，用途很广，如杀菌剂霜脲氰、福美甲胂、田安，杀虫剂甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、胺甲硫磷、倍硫磷、抗蚜威，除草剂西草净、异丙净、扑草净、野燕枯、百草枯、环嗪酮、麦草畏、吡嘧磺隆等。
【用途五】
硫酸二甲酯是农药、染料、医药、香料工业等有机合成中广泛应用的甲基化剂。用以制造甲酯、甲醚、甲胺等。是二甲基亚砜、咖啡因、可待因、安乃近、氨基吡啉、甲氧苄氨嘧啶、香草醛以及农药乙酰甲胺磷等的原料。

硫酸二甲酯名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
77-78-1

[ 中文名 ]:
硫酸二甲酯

[ 英文名 ]:
Dimethyl sulfate

[中文别名 ]:

硫酸甲酯

[英文别名 ]:

Sulfuric acid, dimethyl ester
dimethylsulfate
Methylsulphate
dimethyl sulafte
Sulfuricacid, dimethyl ester
Dimethyl sulfate
EINECS 201-058-1
MFCD00008416
METHYL SULFATE
Dimethylsulfaat

硫酸二甲酯物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.3±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
188.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
-32ºC

[ 分子式 ]:
C₂H₆O₄S

[ 分子量 ]:
126.132

[ 闪点 ]:
83.3±0.0 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
125.998680

[ PSA ]:
60.98000

[ LogP ]:
0.08

[ 外观性状 ]:
透明油性液体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
4.3 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.8±0.3 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.410

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、氨、食品添加剂分开存放

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable; combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases including ammonia. Moisture-sensitive.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
ethanol: 0.26 g/mL, clear, colorless | 2.8 g/100 mL (18 ºC)

硫酸二甲酯MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

硫酸二甲酯毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: WS8225000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Sulfuric acid, dimethyl ester

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 77-78-1

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0635994

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 116

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C2-H6-O4-S

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 126.14

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: 1OSWO1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Open irritation test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Rinsed with water

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 97 ppm/10M

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 205 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 45 mg/m3/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis Blood - hemorrhage

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 140 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 280 mg/m3

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 45 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - food intake (animal)

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 53 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 50 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 32 ppm/1H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 17 mg/m3/19W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 50 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 20 mg/kg female 15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - transplacental tumorigenesis Brain and Coverings - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

DOSE :: 100 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

TYPE OF TEST :: Specific locus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA damage

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA damage

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA inhibition

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA inhibition

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Mutation in mammalian somatic cells

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Lung

REFERENCE :: CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,175,1980 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.52 mg/m3 (0.1 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,271,1974 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,271,1974 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2A IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,200,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW 85CVA2 "Oncology 1970, Proceedings of the Tenth International Cancer Congress," Chicago, Year Book Medical Pub., 1971 Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,63,1970 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,92,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.5 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.52 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.01 ppm (0.05 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:STEL 0.01 ppm (0.05 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.5 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 0.1 mg/m3;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.52 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:.TWA 1 ppm (0.5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 0.1 ppm;STEL 0.1 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.02 ppm (0.1 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.5 mg/m3);STEL 0.1 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO DIMETHYL SULFATE-air:8H CA TWA 0.1 ppm (Sk) REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 26880 No. of Facilities: 83 (estimated) No. of Industries: 3 No. of Occupations: 5 No. of Employees: 1249 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 26880 No. of Facilities: 185 (estimated) No. of Industries: 5 No. of Occupations: 23 No. of Employees: 10481 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 2455 (estimated)

硫酸二甲酯安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS05, GHS06, GHS08

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H301-H314-H317-H330-H341-H350

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P201-P260-P280-P301 + P310 + P330-P303 + P361 + P353-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338-P308 + P313-P403 + P233

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;Goggles;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
T+:Verytoxic;

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R25;R26;R34;R43;R45;R68

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S45-S53

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1595

[ WGK德国 ]:
2

[ RTECS号 ]:
WS8225000

[ 包装等级 ]:
I

[ 危险类别 ]:
6.1(a)

[ 海关编码 ]:
2920909090

硫酸二甲酯合成路线

详细合成路线

硫酸二甲酯上下游产品

硫酸二甲酯上游产品

硫酸二甲酯下游产品

硫酸二甲酯制备

硫酸二甲酯的合成方法很多，如钠盐法、无水硫酸与甲醇直接反应法、二甲醚与三氧化硫合成法、氯磺酸合成法、硫酸氢甲酯法等。但除二甲醚与三氧化硫合成法外，都存在着产品收率低，原材料消耗大、设备腐蚀严重等题。

1.工业上主要采用二甲醚和三氧化硫反应来生产硫酸二甲酯。先由甲醇脱水得到二甲醚。再将25%发烟硫酸加热蒸出三氧化硫气体，用硫酸二甲酯喷淋吸收。吸收了三氧化硫的硫酸二甲酯与二甲醚气体在合成塔反应，即生成硫酸二甲酯。工业品硫酸二甲酯的纯度≥98%。
原料消耗定额：甲醇550kg/t、发烟硫酸（25%）3000kg/t。

将适量发烟硫酸压入蒸发罐中，加热使之温度逐渐上升。当升温至140℃时，三氧化硫开始放出。待发生完毕，将蒸发罐中的剩余硫酸取走，发生的三氧化硫通入酯化罐中。再将适量的转化剂加入醚化罐，以蒸汽加热使其升温至130～140℃。同时以一定流速通入甲醇，即产生二甲醚气体。经硫酸洗涤除去水分后，流入酯化罐中。在酯化罐中，三氧化硫和二甲醚反应，产生硫酸二甲酯粗品，反应温度控制在88～92℃。将粗品硫酸二甲酯送入蒸发釜，在110～140℃，真空度94.7KPa下蒸出硫酸二甲酯，再经冷凝后收集在精酯贮罐中。蒸馏残液加氨水中和，使之生成硫酸铵，压入贮罐，为回收的副产物，用作化肥。

2.用甲醇与硫酸反应，生成硫酸氢甲酯，然后继续与甲醇反应生成二甲醚气体，与三氧化硫作用生成硫酸二甲酯：

2.制法：

于装有搅拌器、温度计、滴液漏斗的反应瓶中，加入氯磺酸200g（1.71mol），冰浴冷却至0℃，搅拌下慢慢滴加甲醇（2）54g（1.74mol）。加完后继续搅拌反应1h。加入无水氯化钙干燥。减压蒸馏，收集138～140℃/2.66kPa的馏分，得硫酸二甲酯（1）84～90g，收率80%～85%。

硫酸二甲酯海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2920909090

[ 中文概述 ]:
2920909090 其他无机酸酯（不包括卤化氢的酯）（包括其盐及它们的卤化，磺化，硝化和亚硝化衍生物）。监管条件:无。增值税率:17.0%。退税率:9.0%。最惠国关税:6.5%。普通关税:30.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途

[ Summary ]:
2920909090 esters of other inorganic acids of non-metals (excluding esters of hydrogen halides) and their salts; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives。Supervision conditions:None。VAT:17.0%。Tax rebate rate:9.0%。MFN tariff:6.5%。General tariff:30.0%

硫酸二甲酯文献

Molecularly imprinted polymers with synthetic dummy template for simultaneously selective removal and enrichment of ginkgolic acids from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves extracts.

J. Chromatogr. A. 1368 , 44-51, (2014)

Dummy molecularly imprinted polymers (DMIPs) for simultaneously selective removal and enrichment of ginkgolic acids (GAs) during the processing of Ginkgo biloba leaves have been prepared. Two dummy te...

Genome-wide profiling of in vivo RNA structure at single-nucleotide resolution using structure-seq.

Nat. Protoc. 10 , 1050-66, (2015)

Structure-seq is a high-throughput and quantitative method that provides genome-wide information on RNA structure at single-nucleotide resolution. Structure-seq can be performed both in vivo and in vi...

Simultaneous quantification of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids in cheese by on-line static headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

J. Chromatogr. A. 1408 , 22-9, (2015)

Trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) are the two most prevalent classes of disinfection by-products (DBPs) that are present in treated water. Four THMs and six HAAs are regulated by seve...

更多文献