7440-54-2

• 常用中文名：金属钆
• 常用英文名：Gadolinium
• CAS号：7440-54-2
• 分子式：Gd
• 分子量：157.250
• 相关类别： 无机化工 单质
• 发布时间：2018-03-19 08:00:00
• 更新时间：2024-01-01 18:48:05

• 主要用于制备磁光材料和磁致冷材料。也用作原子反应堆中中子吸收材料，化学反应的催化剂。还应用于微波技术、制造彩色电视机用的荧光粉。

  用作核反应堆吸收中子材料，荧光体的激活剂、催化剂等。其化合物用于制造彩电显像管中的磷光体。

名称

• 中文名: 钆
• 英文名: gadolinium atom
• 英文别名: Gadolinium; EINECS 231-162-2; MFCD00011022; Gd

物化性质

• 密度: 7.886 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• 沸点: 3273 °C(lit.)
• 熔点: 1313 °C(lit.)
• 分子式: Gd
• 分子量: 157.250
• 闪点: 3266°C
• 精确质量: 157.924103
• 外观性状: 金属油状,大块或粉末
• 储存条件:

  储存于密闭容器内，存放在阴凉、干燥的地方，远离火源、空气、氧化剂。

• 稳定性:

  在潮湿空气中易被氧化变暗，在空气中燃烧时生成白色氧化物。不与水反应，溶于稀酸，盐类无色。应避免与空气、氧化物、潮湿的水分接触。

  有17种同位素，自然界中存在的钆是7种同位素的混合物。同水缓慢反应，能与酸作用。在干燥空气中比较稳定，但在潮湿空气中由于形成的松散的氧化物膜易脱落，致使更多的表面被氧化。

• 计算化学:

  1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:无

  2.氢键供体数量:0

  3.氢键受体数量:0

  4.可旋转化学键数量:0

  5.互变异构体数量:无

  6.拓扑分子极性表面积0

  7.重原子数量:1

  8.表面电荷:0

  9.复杂度:0

  10.同位素原子数量:0

  11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

  12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

  13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

  14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

  15.共价键单元数量:1

• 更多:

  1. 性状：白色六方密堆积晶格金属。有金属光泽和延展性。具有铁磁性和不同寻常的超导性。

  2. 密度（g/mL,20℃）7.9004

  3. 相对蒸汽密度（g/mL,空气=1）：未确定

  4. 熔点（ºC）：1313

  5. 沸点（ºC,常压）：3266

  6. 沸点（ºC,5.2kPa）：未确定

  7. 折射率：未确定

  8. 闪点（ºC）：未确定

  9. 比旋光度（º）：未确定

  10. 自燃点或引燃温度（ºC）：未确定

  11. 蒸气压（mmHg, ºC）：未确定

  12. 饱和蒸气压（kPa, ºC）：未确定

  13. 燃烧热（KJ/mol）：未确定

  14. 临界温度（ºC）：未确定

  15. 临界压力（KPa）：未确定

  16. 油水（辛醇/水）分配系数的对数值：未确定

  17. 爆炸上限（%,V/V）：未确定

  18. 爆炸下限（%,V/V）：未确定

  19. 溶解性：溶于稀酸

MSDS

Name: Gadolinium foil 0.25 mm thick 99.9% Material Safety Data Sheet Synonym: None CAS: 7440-54-2 Section 1 - Chemical Product MSDS Name:Gadolinium foil 0.25 mm thick 99.9% Material Safety Data Sheet Synonym:None Section 2 - COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS CAS# Chemical Name content EINECS# 7440-54-2 Gadolinium 99.9 231-162-2 Hazard Symbols: None Listed. Risk Phrases: None Listed. Section 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION EMERGENCY OVERVIEW Moisture sensitive.Air sensitive. Potential Health Effects Eye: May cause eye irritation. Skin: May cause skin irritation. Ingestion: May cause irritation of the digestive tract. Inhalation: May cause respiratory tract irritation. Chronic: No information found. Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES Eyes: Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid. Skin: Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Ingestion: Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid. Do NOT induce vomiting. If conscious and alert, rinse mouth and drink 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Inhalation: Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid. Notes to Physician: Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES General Information: As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Extinguishing Media: Do NOT get water inside containers. Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or appropriate foam. Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8. Spills/Leaks: Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section. Sweep up or absorb material, then place into a suitable clean, dry, closed container for disposal. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Provide ventilation. Place under an inert atmosphere. Do not get water inside containers. Section 7 - HANDLING and STORAGE Handling: Wash thoroughly after handling. Use with adequate ventilation. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Handle under an inert atmosphere. Store protected from air. Do not allow contact with water. Keep from contact with moist air and steam. Storage: Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Do not expose to air. Store protected from moisture. Store under an inert atmosphere. Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION Engineering Controls: Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower. Use adequate ventilation to keep airborne concentrations low. Exposure Limits CAS# 7440-54-2: Personal Protective Equipment Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure. Respirators: A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2 requirements or European Standard EN 149 must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant respirator use. Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Physical State: Shavings Color: grey Odor: Not available. pH: Not available. Vapor Pressure: Not available. Viscosity: Not available. Boiling Point: 3273 deg C Freezing/Melting Point: 1312 deg C Autoignition Temperature: Not available. Flash Point: Not available. Explosion Limits, lower: Not available. Explosion Limits, upper: Not available. Decomposition Temperature: Solubility in water: Specific Gravity/Density: 7.898 @25C Molecular Formula: Gd Molecular Weight: 157.25 Section 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY Chemical Stability: Stability unknown. Conditions to Avoid: Incompatible materials, dust generation, moisture, exposure to air. Incompatibilities with Other Materials: Strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, oxygen, moisture, air. Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nature of decomposition products unknown.. Hazardous Polymerization: Has not been reported Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION RTECS#: CAS# 7440-54-2: LW3850000 LD50/LC50: Not available. Carcinogenicity: Gadolinium - Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, or NTP. Other: See actual entry in RTECS for complete information. Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS Dispose of in a manner consistent with federal, state, and local regulations. Section 14 - TRANSPORT INFORMATION IATA Not regulated as a hazardous material. IMO Not regulated as a hazardous material. RID/ADR Not regulated as a hazardous material. Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION European/International Regulations European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives Hazard Symbols: Not available. Risk Phrases: Safety Phrases: S 24/25 Avoid contact with skin and eyes. WGK (Water Danger/Protection) CAS# 7440-54-2: No information available. Canada CAS# 7440-54-2 is listed on Canada's NDSL List. CAS# 7440-54-2 is not listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List. US FEDERAL TSCA CAS# 7440-54-2 is listed on the TSCA inventory. SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION N/A

毒性和生态

毒理学数据: 1、致癌性：大鼠移植TDLo：25mg/kg 生态学数据: 通常来说对水分是不污染的。 CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION RTECS NUMBER : LW3850000 CHEMICAL NAME : Gadolinium CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 7440-54-2 LAST UPDATED : 199701 DATA ITEMS CITED : 2 MOLECULAR FORMULA : Gd MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 157.25 WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : GD HEALTH HAZARD DATA ACUTE TOXICITY DATA TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Implant SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 25 gm/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application REFERENCE : PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04- Volume(issue)/page/year: 135,426,1970

安全

• 符号: GHS02
• 信号词: Warning
• 危害声明: H261
• 警示性声明: P231 + P232-P422
• 个人防护装备: Eyeshields;full-face particle respirator type N100 (US);Gloves;respirator cartridge type N100 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter;type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges
• 危害码 (欧洲): Xi:Irritant;
• 风险声明 (欧洲): R15
• 安全声明 (欧洲): S43-S7/8-S26
• 危险品运输编码: UN 3208 4.3/PG 3
• WGK德国: 3
• RTECS号: LW3850000
• 包装等级: III
• 危险类别: 8

制备

氟化物的钙热还原法。采用钙还原稀土氟化物的方法制备高熔点致密稀土金属的优点是：热还原产物氟化钙及稀土金属的熔点相近，氟化钙的蒸气压低，使反应过程进行得平稳。氟化钙流动性好，便于金属凝聚和分离。还原用的金属钙易提纯，货源稳定。还原冶炼温度一般在金属和渣的熔点以上50～100℃。冶炼设备为真空感应炉，该设备要能调节控制炉温高达1800℃，控温精度±10℃，炉体真空可达10-5Pa。还原剂金属钙用钙粒或钙屑，都应是重蒸馏过的，其氧、氮等杂质含量要低。氟化物钙热直接还原使用能耐氟化物腐蚀并不与稀土金属作用的钽坩埚，由厚度为0.3～0.4mm钽片氩弧焊接而成。还原的保护气氛使用氩气。将过量10%～15%的金属钙屑或钙粒与氟化钆混匀，装在钽坩埚中压实，盖好盖子，然后放入真空感应炉中开始抽真空至10-2Pa后，缓慢加热至400～600℃。在深脱气后充入净化的氩气至6×104Pa，继续升温至800～1000℃，炉料开始明显地发生还原反应。然后将温度升至1800℃并保持10～15min，使金属与渣熔化和彼此充分分层分离，从而获得致密的金属锭。氟化物钙热还原法只能得到工业纯的稀土金属。一般稀土金属的纯度为95%～98%。为了提高还原产品的纯度，需要使用经干法氟化法制备的较纯的稀土氟化物(含氧、氮、过渡金属特别是铁少)。还原剂钙使用前需要再于79993Pa的氦分压下蒸馏提纯，并把提纯过的钙保存在充氦的密封干燥箱内，以避免氧化及吸收空气中水分。还原产品中钙含量一般为0.2%～0.5%，坩埚杂质钽含量约为0.1%～0.5%。