A constituent of a protein, a carboxylic acid whose molecule contains an amino group. There are more than 200 kinds of amino acids in nature, but there are only 20 kinds of amino acids that make up the animal body and its products. The structure of amino acids and the structure of classified amino acids The amino acids obtained by protein hydrolysis are mostly α-amino acids, which are bonded to an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen atom and a side chain group near the α-carbon atom of the carboxyl group. group. The side chain is represented by the letter R, and R is different to constitute a different amino acid. The basic structural formula of the amino acid is as follows: Figure 1 shows the basic structural formula of the amino acid. Classification of Amino Acids Amino acids are classified into non-polar R-based amino acids, uncharged polar R-based amino acids, positively charged R-based amino acids, and negatively charged R-based amino acids according to the polar nature of R. The first category includes alanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, proline, phenylalanine, and methionine; the second class includes glycine, serine, threonine, cysteine, and tyrosine. The third group includes lysine, arginine and threonine; the fourth category includes aspartic acid and glutamic acid. In livestock production, amino acids can be divided into essential and non-essential amino acids, limiting amino acids and non-limiting amino acids according to different classification methods. In addition to glycine (whose R group is a hydrogen atom), the α-carbon atoms of all amino acids are asymmetric carbon atoms, and thus have stereoisomers and optical rotation. The amino acids are classified into L-form and D-form according to the configuration of the α-carbon atom. The amino acids produced by protein hydrolysis of plants and animals are L-form, and the amino acids produced by chemical synthesis and fermentation include L-form amino acids, D-type amino acids, and L-form amino acids in the same amount of L-form and D-form. The animal enzyme system can only directly synthesize tissue proteins using L-form amino acids. Except for methionine, the D-type and DL-type amino acid utilization rates are very low, and even can not be used by animals at all. General Properties of Amino Acids Physical Properties Natural amino acids are colorless crystalline materials with a high melting point, most of which are above 200 °C. Usually soluble in water, difficult to dissolve in non-polar organic solvents. However, tyrosine and cystine are hardly soluble in water, and proline and carboxyproline are soluble in ethanol and ether. All amino acids are soluble in strong acid and strong base solutions. The acid-basic amino acid of an amino acid is an ampholyte which reacts with an acid or a base to form a salt. Carboxyl groups and amino groups in the same molecule can also form internal salts. In solution, amino acids are mainly present in ionic form. For example, when the pH of an amino acid solution is adjusted to be non-conductive, the ions move neither to the cathode nor to the anode. The pH of the solution is the amino acid. Electrical point (PI). Chemical reactions related to the determination of amino acids (1) Reaction with nitrous acid Amino acids can react with nitrous acid to form hydroxy acids and water, and release a certain amount of nitrogen. (2) Reaction with 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene Under the condition of near neutral or slightly alkaline room temperature, the amino group in the amino acid molecule can react with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene to form amino acid 2, A derivative of 4-dinitrofluorobenzene, a yellow DNP-amino acid. (3) Reaction with dimethylaminonaphthalenesulfonyl chloride (DNS-CL) The fluorescent reagent DNS-CL binds to the amino group of the amino acid to form a fluorescent DNS amino acid. Amino acids such as lysine, histidine, aspartic acid, and tyrosine can form a stable double DNS-amino acid derivative. (4) Reaction with hydrazine ketone The α-amino acid is oxidatively decomposed into aldehyde, ammonia and CO2 by hydrazine ninhydrin, and ninhydrin is reduced. The evolved ammonia is condensed with a further reduction product of the other molecule ninhydrin and one molecule ninhydrin to form a blue-violet compound. The separation of amino acids and the determination of amino acids are mostly in a bound state. The first step in separating amino acids is to hydrolyze proteins with acids or bases, prepare amino acid mixtures, and then further separate and determine amino acids by partition chromatography and ion exchange chromatography.


Amino compound >
Oxy-containing amino compound Cycloalkylamines, aromatic monoamines, aromatic polyamines and derivatives and salts thereof Acyclic monoamines, polyamines and their derivatives and salts Amide compound Sulfonic acid amino compound
Alcohols, phenols, phenolic compounds and derivatives >
2-cycloalcohol Halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of alcohols Extremely halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of phenols Phenol and its halogenated, sulfonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives Acyclic alcohol
Nitrogen-containing compound
Nitrile compound
Organic derivative of hydrazine or hydrazine
Terpenoid
Ether compounds and their derivatives >
Ether, ether alcohol Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitrosation of ethers, ether alcohols, ether phenols
Aldehyde
Carboxylic compounds and derivatives >
Cyclic carboxylic acid Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitrosation of carboxylic acids Halogenation, sulfonation, nitration or nitration of carboxylic anhydrides Carboxylic acid halide Carboxylic esters and their derivatives Salt of carboxylic acid ester and its derivatives Acyclic carboxylic acid
Hydrocarbon compounds and their derivatives >
Aromatic hydrocarbon Cyclic hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon sulfonate Hydrocarbon halide Hydrocarbon nitrite Acyclic hydrocarbon
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Inorganic acid ester
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Diazo, azo or azo compound
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Organometallic compound >
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Organic phosphine compound
Organometallic salt
Organic fluorine compound >
Fluorobenzoic acid series Fluorobenzonitrile series Fluorobenzaldehyde series Fluorobenzyl alcohol series Fluoroanisole series Fluoroaniline series Fluorophenylacetic acid series Fluorophenol series Fluorobenzoic acid series Fluoronitrobenzene series Fluoropyridine series Potassium fluoroborate series Fluorobenzyl alcohol series Fluorotoluene series Fluorine red series Fluoroethane series Fluoropropane series
Respiratory medication >
Asthma Other respiratory medications Peony Antitussive
Hormone and endocrine-regulating drugs >
Birth control pills Pituitary hormone Estrogen and progestogen drugs Adrenocorticotropic drugs Gonadotropin Thyroid hormone and antithyroid drugs other Prostaglandins Adrenal corticosteroids Androgen and anabolic hormone drugs Pancreatic hormones and other blood sugar regulating drugs Treatment of male erectile dysfunction drugs
Antipyretic analgesics >
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Antiallergic >
Allergic reaction medium blocker Antihistamine
Antiparasitic drug >
Anti-amebiasis and anti-trichomoniasis drugs Antimalarial Resistance to filariasis and anti-leishmaniasis Anti-fungal medicine Anthelmintic Antiprotozoal Anthelmintic
Antibiotics >
Beta-lactamase inhibitor Aminoglycoside Macrolide drug Peptide Polyene Rifamycin Lincosamide Other antibiotics Penicillin Tetracycline Cephalosporin Amide alcohol Agricultural antibiotics
Antineoplastic agents >
Hormone antineoplastic agents Antimetabolite antineoplastic Antibiotic antineoplastic agents Anti-tumor adjuvant Other antineoplastic agents Natural source antineoplastic agents Alkylating agent Tinic antineoplastic agents Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) treatment
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Skeletal muscle relaxant Local anesthetics General anesthetics
Urinary system medication >
Diuretic Diabetes insipidus medication Other urinary system medication Dehydrated medicine
Other chemicals >
other Health and epidemic prevention drugs
Synthetic anti-infective drugs >
Sulfonamides and synergists Antiviral drugs Anti-tuberculosis leprosy Antihelium drug Antifungal drugs Quinolone Natural source anti-infectives Disinfectant antiseptic Nitrofuran
Nervous system medication >
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Water, electrolyte and acid-base balance regulator >
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Regulating blood lipids Prevention and treatment of angina pectoris Calcium channel blocker Anti-congestive heart failure medicine Antihypertensive drug Antiarrhythmic drug Anti-shock vasoactive drug Other circulatory system medication Angiotensin converting enzyme and receptor inhibitor Peripheral vasodilator Beta-adrenergic receptor blocker Treatment of chronic cardiac insufficiency Anti-atherosclerosis
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Inhibitor >
Immune inhibitor Protein tyrosine kinase Neuronal Signaling PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitor (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) Metabolism Cell Cycle Epigenetics Cytoskeletal Signaling Angiogenesis DNA damage Proteases Apoptosis Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Endocrinology & Hormones G protein coupled receptor(GPCR & G Protein) Transmembrane Transporters Tyrosine protein kinase/signal transducer and transcriptional activator inhibitor (JAK/STAT) TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway inhibitor (TGF-beta/Smad) Stem Cells & Wnt Signaling Paths (Stem Cells & Wnt) Nuclear transcription factor (NF-κB) Ubiquitin inhibitor Microbiology Autophagy lysosome (Autophagy)
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Amino acids and their derivatives >
Arginine derivatives Asparagine derivatives Aspartic acid derivative Cysteine derivative Glutamine derivative Glutamic acid derivative Glycine derivatives Histidine derivative Isoleucine derivative Leucine derivative Lysine derivative Methionine derivatives Phenylalanine derivatives Proline derivatives Serine derivative Threonine derivative Tryptophan derivatives Tyrosine derivatives Proline derivatives Alanine derivatives Methionine derivatives BOC-amino acid Cbz-amino acid FMOC-amino acid --amino acid Other protected amino acids Amino alcohol derivative Amino acid salt Ester amino acid Other amino acid derivatives Natural amino acids and their derivatives
Carbohydrate >
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Biochemical reagent >
Biological dye Acid-base indicator Adjuvant
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antibody >
Antibody Enzyme secondary antibody Apoptosis and autophagy Cell metabolism Chromatin / epigenetic / cell cycle Cytoskeleton/extracellular matrix MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathway Neuroscience Immunity and inflammation PKC, calcium ion and lipid signaling pathway Stem cells, development and differentiation Protein translation, folding and degradation Other categories of primary antibodies
  • CAS Number: 88530-32-9
  • MF: C6H14ClN3O2S
  • MW: 227.71200
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 497.8ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 254.9ºC
  • CAS Number: 58107-62-3
  • MF: C7H15ClN2O
  • MW: 178.66000
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A
  • CAS Number: 67580-86-3
  • MF: C18H22ClNO3
  • MW: 335.825
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A
  • CAS Number: 4561-10-8
  • MF: C19H22ClNO4
  • MW: 363.835
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 453.5ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 102.0 to 106.0 °C
  • Flash Point: 165.6ºC
  • CAS Number: 1038343-47-3
  • MF: C8H19ClN2O2
  • MW: 210.70200
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A
  • CAS Number: 37002-52-1
  • MF: C16H15NO3
  • MW: 269.295
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 532.0±43.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 275.5±28.2 °C
  • CAS Number: 38689-31-5
  • MF: C12H24N2O3
  • MW: 244.33100
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: >240 °C (dec.)
  • Flash Point: N/A
  • CAS Number: 135904-71-1
  • MF: C12H24ClNO4
  • MW: 281.78
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A
  • CAS Number: 997-05-7
  • MF: C8H16N2O3
  • MW: 188.22400
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: 1.136g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 410.4ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 202ºC
  • CAS Number: 554-94-9
  • MF: C7H14N2O3S
  • MW: 206.26300
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A
  • CAS Number: 52551-07-2
  • MF: C15H15N3O4
  • MW: 301.29700
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A
  • CAS Number: 98102-32-0
  • MF: C16H24ClNO4
  • MW: 329.819
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A
  • CAS Number: 16889-14-8
  • MF: C24H50N2O
  • MW: 382.66700
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: 0.873 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 506.7ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 260.3ºC
  • CAS Number: 179559-35-4
  • MF: C11H23NO3
  • MW: 217.305
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 283.8±20.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 81.3±18.1 °C
  • CAS Number: 23500-04-1
  • MF: C13H24N2O5
  • MW: 288.340
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 528.8±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 273.6±28.7 °C
  • CAS Number: 1784-04-9
  • MF: C14H21ClN4O3
  • MW: 328.794
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 540.5 °C at 760 mmHg (Predicted)
  • Melting Point: 87-89ºC
  • Flash Point: N/A
  • CAS Number: 1074-79-9
  • MF: C7H11NO3
  • MW: 157.167
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 366.2±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 175.3±25.9 °C
  • CAS Number: 94347-11-2
  • MF: C15H22ClNO4
  • MW: 315.793
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A
  • CAS Number: 108607-02-9
  • MF: C9H19ClN2O3
  • MW: 238.712
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A
  • CAS Number: 201274-81-9
  • MF: C8H17NO3
  • MW: 175.225
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 275.3±30.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: 120.3±24.6 °C
  • CAS Number: 4289-98-9
  • MF: C6H11NO3S
  • MW: 177.221
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 453.5±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 101 ℃
  • Flash Point: 228.1±27.3 °C
  • CAS Number: 16115-68-7
  • MF: C8H16ClNO4
  • MW: 225.670
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: 1.102g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 259.5ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 105.0 to 109.0 °C
  • Flash Point: 97.5ºC
  • CAS Number: 27486-87-9
  • MF: C24H23NO3S
  • MW: 405.50900
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 619.6°C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A
  • CAS Number: 692-04-6
  • MF: C8H16N2O3
  • MW: 188.224
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 442.0±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 250 °C (dec.)(lit.)
  • Flash Point: 221.1±27.3 °C
  • CAS Number: 80970-09-8
  • MF: C6H15ClN2O
  • MW: 166.649
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: 0.98g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 250.9ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: >=220ºC
  • Flash Point: 105.6ºC
  • CAS Number: 4079-64-5
  • MF: C25H27NO7S
  • MW: 485.549
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: 455.3ºC at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 155-158 °C
  • Flash Point: 180.5ºC
  • CAS Number: 35146-32-8
  • MF: C25H23N3O2
  • MW: 397.469
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 584.8±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
  • Melting Point: 210℃
  • Flash Point: 307.5±30.1 °C
  • CAS Number: 5191-80-0
  • MF: C16H17NO2S
  • MW: 287.37700
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: 1.24g/cm3
  • Boiling Point: 455.5ºC at 760mmHg
  • Melting Point: 206-207℃ (decomposition)
  • Flash Point: 229.3ºC
  • CAS Number: 105590-97-4
  • MF: C16H24ClNO4
  • MW: 329.819
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A
  • CAS Number: 79640-72-5
  • MF: C10H19NO4
  • MW: 217.26200
  • Catalog:Natural amino acids and their derivatives
  • Density: N/A
  • Boiling Point: N/A
  • Melting Point: N/A
  • Flash Point: N/A