O-Phospho-L-serine-13C3,15N (L-Serine O-phosphate-13C3,15N) is the 13C- and 15N-labeled O-Phospho-L-serine. O-Phospho-L-serine is the immediate precursor to L-serine in the serine synthesis pathway, and an agonist at the group III mGluR receptors (mGluR4, mGluR6, mGluR7, and mGluR8); O-Phospho-L-serine also acts as a weak antagonist for mGluR1 and a potent antagonist for mGluR2[1].
ADX88178 is a potent positive allosteric modulator for metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) with EC50 of 4 nM for human mGluR4.
Xanthurenic acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Xanthurenic acid[1]. Xanthurenic acid is a putative endogenous Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, on sensory transmission in the thalamus[2].
(S)-4C3HPG ((S)-4-Carboxy-3-hydroxyphenylglycine) is an antagonist of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1a (mGluR 1a) and an agonist of GluR2. (S)-4C3HPG has the anticonvulsant activity and protects against audiogenic seizures in DBA/2 mice[1].
L-Glutamine-1-13C (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide-1-13C) is the 13C-labeled L-Glutamine. L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells[1][2].
VU0424465 is a potent and partial PAM (positive allosteric modulator)-agonist for mGlu5 mediated iCa2+ mobilization. VU0424465 exhibits high affinity at MPEP allosteric binding site, with a Ki value of 11.8 nM. VU0424465 is also a agonist for pERK1/2 in cortical neurons[1][2].
Foliglurax (PXT002331) is a highly selective and potent, brain-penetrant mGluR4 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) with an EC50 of 79 nM[1]. Antiparkinsonian effect[1].
(S)-4CPG ((S)-4-Carboxyphenylglycine) is a potent mGluR2 agonist. (S)-4CPG reduces hyperalgesia and allodynia associated with sciatic nerve contraction injury in rats. (S)-4CPG can be used in research on neurological diseases[1][2].
LY3020371 hydrochloride is a potent, selective metabotropic glutamate 2/3 receptor (mGlu2/3) antagonist with Ki of 5.3 and 2.5 nM, potently blocks cAMP formation with IC50 of 16.2 nM[1]. LY3020371 hydrochloride exerts an antidepressant-like signature in vivo[2].
LSN2814617 is an orally active, potent, brain-penetrant, and selective mGlu5 (metabotropic glutamate 5) positive allosteric modulator (PAM), with EC50 values of 52 nM (Human mGlu5) and 42 nM (rat mGlu5). LSN2814617 shows wake-promoting effect. LSN2814617 can be used for schizophrenia research[1].
cis-ACPD is a potent agonist of NMDA receptor, with an IC50 of 3.3 μM. And it is also a selective agonist of group II mGluR, with EC50s of 13 μM and 50 μM for mGluR2 and mGluR4, respectively[1][2].
Kainic acid hydrate is a potent excitotoxic agent. Kainic acid hydrate also is an agonist for a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor. Kainic acid hydrate induces seizures[1][2].
PHCCC(4Me) (THCCC), a PHCCC analog, is a dual mGluR2 (IC50 of 1.5 μM) negative allosteric modulator and mGluR3 (EC50 of 8.9 μM) positive allosteric modulator[1].
(E/Z)-SIB-1893 is a racemic compound of (E)-SIB-1893 and (Z)-SIB-1893 isomers. (E)-SIB-1893 is a selective non-competitive metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 receptor (mGluR5) antagonist[1].
CHPG is a selective mGluR5 agonist, and attenuates SO2-induced oxidative stress and inflammation through TSG-6/NF-κB pathway in BV2 microglial cells[1]. CHPG protects against traumatic brain injury (TBI) in vitro and in vivo by activation of the ERK and Akt signaling pathways[2].
AZ 12216052 is a mGluR8 positive allosteric modulator, and helps mGluR8 modulate signaling inputing to retinal ganglion cells. AZ 12216052 exhibits antianxiety effect[1][2][3][4].
LY 541850 is claimed from human ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors expressed in non-neuronal cells. LY541850 is a selective orthosteric mGlu2 agonist and mGlu3 antagonist with IC50 values of 0.161 μM and 0.038 μM, respectively[1].
(S,S)-BMS-984923 is a less active (S,S)-enantiomer of BMS-984923. (S,S)-BMS-984923 shows an EC50 >1μM for mGluR5 receptor[1]. BMS-984923 is a potent mGluR5 silent allosteric modulator[2].
APICA is a potent CB1 and CB2 receptors agonist with EC50 values of 118 nM and 37 nM against CB1 and CB2 receptors, respectively. APICA possess cannabimimetic activity in vivo[1].
DCB (3,3′-dichlorobenzaldazine) is an neutral allosteric modulator of themetabotropic glutamate receptor metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) . DCB blocks the positive allosteric regulation of mGluRs (mGluR5) with the help of 3,3′-difluorobenzaldazine (DFB). DCB shows the negative modulatory effect of 3,3′-dimethoxybenzaldazine (DMeOB)[1].
VU0652957 (VU2957, Valiglurax) is a potent, selective mGlu4 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) with EC50 of 64.6 nM in calcium mobilization human mGlu4/Gqi5 assays; showes excellent pharmacokinetics across species (low CLps, %F > 35%), an acceptable CYP profile (>30 uM vs. 3A4, 2D6 and 2C9, 12.5 uM vs. 2C19 and 1.5 uM vs. 1A2), no CYP induction or timedependent inhibition and excellent metabolite coverage across species; also shows attractive predicted human PK parameters (CLps 5-9 mL/min/kg, Vds 1-2 L/kg and t1/2 2-4 hours).
mGluR5 modulator 1 is a mGluR5 positive allosteric modulator. mGluR5 modulator 1 can be used for the research of the schizophrenia and cognitive impairments[1].
VU0404251 is a highly potent positive allosteric modulator of mGlu for the study of psychosis[1].
AZD8529 is a novel potent, selective mGluR2 positive allosteric modulator with EC50 of 195 nM, does not produce any positive allosteric modulator responses for mGluR1 and 3-8 subtypes; potentiates agonist-induced activation of mGluR2 in the membrane-binding assay and in primate cortex, hippocampus and striatum; decreases nicotine self-administration at doses (0.3-3 mg/kg) in monkeys, also reduces nicotine priming- and cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking, decreases nicotine-induced accumbens dopamine release in rats. Schizophrenia Phase 2 Discontinued
Cinnabarinic acid is a specific orthosteric agonist of mGlu4 by interacting with residues of the glutamate binding pocket of mGlu4, has no activity at other mGlu receptors. Cinnabarinic acid is an endogenous metabolite of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan. Cinnabarinic acid induces cell apoptosis[1].
L-Glutamine-15N-1 (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide-15N-1) is the 15N-labeled L-Glutamine. L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells[1][2].
Basimglurant (RG7090) is a potent, selective and orally available mGlu5 negative allosteric modulator with a Kd of 1.1 nM.
Talaglumetad hydrochloride is a prodrug of thetype II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR2/3) agonist Eglumegad for the treatment of anxiety.
A novel potent, selective mGluR2 positive allosteric modulator with EC50 of 199 and 206 nM for human and rat mGlu2, respectively, without exerting agonist activity; has negligible activities for other mGlu receptors, including mGlu3 receptor; potentiates the mGlu2 receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition of glutamate release, inhibits both MK-801- and ketamine-increased cortical γ band oscillation in the rat cortical electroencephalogram; significantly inhibits both ketamine- and methamphetamine-increased locomotor activities in mice.
CPPG ((RS)-CPPG) is a potent group II/III mGlu receptor antagonist. CPPG exhibits some selectivity (approximately 20 fold) for group III (IC50=2.2 nM) over group II (IC50=46.2 nM) mGlu receptors in the rat cerebral cortex. CPPG has weak effects at group I mGlu receptors[1].