Urolithin C, a gut-microbial metabolite of Ellagic acid, is a glucose-dependent activator of insulin secretion. Urolithin C is a L-type Ca2+ channel opener and enhances Ca2+ influx. Urolithin C induces cell apoptosis through a mitochondria-mediated pathway and also stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation[1][2].
Diltiazem malate is a potent and orally active L-type calcium chanel inhibitor. Diltiazem malate shows antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic effects. Diltiazem malate can be used for the research of cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, and angina pectoris[1][2][3].
sFTX-3.3 is a Ca2+ channel antagonist with IC50s of approximately 0.24 mM and 0.70 mM against P-type and N-type channels[1][2].
Lomerizine dihydrochloride is an antagonist of L- and T-type voltagegated calcium channels.
1-Octanol (Octanol), a saturated fatty alcohol, is a T-type calcium channels (T-channels) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for native T-currents[1]. 1-Octanol is a highly attractive biofuel with diesel-like properties[2].
ITH12575, a CGP37157 derivative, is a potent and selective mNCX blocker. ITH12575 reduces Ca2+ influx through CALHM1 at low micromolar concentrations[1][2].
Bepridil ((±)-Bepridil) is a calcium channel blocking agent used as antiarrhythmic agent. Bepridil inhibits both calcium and sodium currents, has research potential in certain ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias. Bepridil also has strong inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 from entry and replication inside Vero E6 and A549 cells[1][2].
UK51656 is a calcium antagonist with IC50 of 4 nM.
Gallopamil hydrochloride (Methoxyverapamil hydrochloride), a methoxy derivative of Verapamil, is a phenylalkylamine calcium antagonist[1]. Gallopamil hydrochloride inhibits acid secretion in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 10.9 μM[2]. Gallopamil hydrochloride is a potent antiarrhythmic and vasodilator agent[3].
Propiverine hydrochloride is a bladder spasmolytic with calcium antagonistic and anticholinergic properties. Propiverine hydrochloride can be used for the research of overactive blaqdder and urinary incontinence[1][2].
Isradipine(Dynacirc) is a calcium channel blocker with an IC50 of 34±8 μM.Target: Calcium ChannelIsradipine(Dynacirc) is a calcium channel blocker with an IC50 of 34±8 μM.It is usually prescribed for the treatment of high blood pressure in order to reduce the risk of stroke and heart attack[1]. Isradipine belongs to the dihydropyridine (DHP) class of calcium channel blockers (CCBs), the most widely used class of CCBs. It is structurally related to felodipine, nifedipine, and nimodipine and is the most potent calcium-channel blocking agent of the DHP class. Isradipine binds to calcium channels with high affinity and specificity and inhibits calcium flux into cardiac and arterial smooth muscle cells. It exhibits greater selectivity towards arterial smooth muscle cells owing to alternative splicing of the alpha-1 subunit of the channel and increased prevalence of inactive channels in smooth muscle cells. Isradipine may be used to treat mild to moderate essential hypertension [2].
Nimodipine(Nimotop) is a dihydropyridine derivative and an analogue of the calcium channel blocker nifedipine, with antihypertensive activity.Nimodipine decreases intracellular free Ca2+,Beclin-1 and autophagy.Target: Calcium ChannelNimodipine is main use is in the prevention of cerebral vasospasm and resultant ischemia, a complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (a form of cerebral bleed), specifically from ruptured intracranial berry aneurysms irrespective of the patient's post-ictus neurological condition. Its administration begins within 4 days of a subarachnoid hemorrhage and is continued for three weeks. If blood pressure drops by over 5%, dosage is adjusted. There is still controversy regarding the use of intravenous nimodipine on a routine basis [1, 2].
Nifedipine D6 is deuterium labeled nifedipine, and nifedipine is a potent calcium channel blocker.
Ranolazine is an antianginal medication.Target: Sodium ChannelRanolazine is believed to have its effects via altering the transcellular late sodium current. It affects the sodium-dependent calcium channels during myocardial ischemia in rabbits by altering the intracellular sodium level [1]. Thus, ranolazine indirectly prevents the calcium overload that causes cardiac ischemia in rats [2]. The effects of ranolazine on the NaV 1.7 and NaV 1.8 sodium channels also make it potentially useful in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Ranolazine produced dose-dependant analgesia on mechanical allodynia induced by CFA injection, but had no effect on thermal hyperalgesia [3, 4].
Maurocalcine is an agonist of ryanodine receptor (RyR) channel types 1, 2 and 3 with cellular permeability. Maurocalcine induces [3H]ryanodine binding on RyR1 with an EC50 value of 2558 nM. Maurocalcine exhibits a apparent affinity of 14 nM for RyR2. Maurocalcine can be applied to in vivo cell tracking or other cell imaging techniques[1][2][3].
Flunarizine is a potent dual Na+/Ca2+ channel (T-type) blocker. Flunarizine is a D2 dopamine receptor antagonist. Flunarizine shows anticonvulsive and antimigraine activity, and peripheral vasodilator effects[1][2][3][4][5].
SM-6586 is a calcium channel antagonist and inhibitor of Na+/H+ and Na+/Ca2+ exchange transport, potentially for the treatment of cerebrovasular diseases and hypertension.
N-type calcium channel blocker-1 is an orally active analgesic agent which shows high affinity to functionally block N-type calcium channels with an IC50 of 0.7 μM in the IMR32 assay.
TMB-8 is a novel Ca 2+ antagonist. TMB-8 may exert inhibitory effects in smooth muscle by blocking Ca 2+ release from intracellular bound stores.
AZD-1305 is an antiarrhythmic agent and atrial selective sodium channel/potassium channel blocker, which can significantly prolongs action potential duration and reduces excitability, cause atrial selective ERP prolongation and acute termination of atrial fibrillation. AZD1305 can be used for atrial fibrillation research[1][2].
BBT is an enhancer of impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). BBT exhibits anti-hyperglycemia activity, and protects β-cells from cytokine- or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cell death in type 2 diabetes models. BBT acts function via cAMP/PKA and long-lasting (L-type) voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel/CaMK2 pathway[1].
Brompheniramine ((±)-Brompheniramine) is a potent and orally active antihistamine of the alkylamine class. Brompheniramine is a selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist with a Kd of 6.06 nM. Brompheniramine can block the hERG channels, calcium channels, and sodium channels with IC50s of 0.90 μM, 16.12 μM and 21.26 μM, respectively. Brompheniramine has anticholinergic, antidepressant and anesthetic properties and can be used for allergic rhinitis research[1][2][3][4].
Ranolazine(RS-43285) is an antianginal agent with antiarrhythmic properties that achieves its effects via a novel mechanism of action (inhibition of the late phase of the inward sodium current), without affecting heart rate or blood pressure (BP). IC50 value:Target: sodium-dependent calcium channelRanolazine is currently approved for use in chronic angina. The basis for this use is likely related to inhibition of late sodium channels with resultant beneficial downstream effects. Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated an improvement in exercise capacity and reduction in angina episodes with ranolazine.
L-Phenylalanine-13C9,d8,15N ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid-13C9,d8,15N) is the deuterium, 13C-, and 15-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
Ser-Ala-alloresact is a sperm activating peptide (SAP). The peptides released from eggs of marine invertebrates play a central role in fertilization[1][2].
TDN345 is a Ca2+ antagonist, used for the treatment of vascular and senile dementia including Alzheimer's disease.
L-Phenylalanine-d5 is the deuterium labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
HSK16149 is a novel ligand of voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) α 2 δ subunit.
Topiramate (McN 4853) lithium is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic agent. Topiramate lithium is a GluR5 receptor antagonist. Topiramate produces its antiepileptic effects through enhancement of GABAergic activity, inhibition of kainate/AMPA receptors, inhibition of voltage-sensitive sodium and calcium channels, increases in potassium conductance, and inhibition of carbonic anhydrase[1][2][3].
LY393615 (NCC1048) is a novel neuronal Ca2+ (calcium channel) and Na + channel (sodium channel) blocker with IC50s of 1.9 μΜ and 5.2 μΜ for α1A and α1B calcium channel subunits. LY393615 has good brain penetration and neuroprotective effects in models of in cerebral ischemia that can be used for neurological disease research[1].