A rapid GC-MS method for the determination of dihydrocodeine, codeine, norcodeine, morphine, normorphine and 6-MAM in urine.
C Meadway, S George, R Braithwaite
Index: Forensic Sci. Int. 127(1-2) , 136-41, (2002)
Full Text: HTML
Abstract
The presence of the heroin metabolite 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) in urine is used to definitively identify recent heroin abuse. A rapid and sensitive GC-MS method for the simultaneous analysis of codeine, norcodeine, morphine, normorphine and 6-MAM in urine was developed and successfully applied to the analysis of 321 'heroin-positive' urine specimens from individual subjects (identified by the presence of 6-MAM), to provide quantitative urinary opiate excretion data for heroin abusers. The cohort analysed was composed of 238 males (age range 16-53 years) and 83 females (age range 16-50 years). The concentrations of free 6-MAM, morphine and codeine determined in these 321 specimens ranged between 103-246,312, 129-193,600 and 103-519,000 microg/l, respectively. Free norcodeine and normorphine concentrations were found to range between 143-50,200 and 205-149,700 microg/l, respectively. A statistically significant relationship was determined between the subject age and the 6-MAM concentration, possibly indicating opiate tolerance in these individuals.
Related Compounds
Related Articles:
1995-01-01
[J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 13(1) , 27-32, (1995)]
2009-09-01
[Int. J. Legal Med. 123(5) , 387-94, (2009)]
Ethanol interference with morphine metabolism in isolated guinea pig hepatocytes.
1996-09-01
[Pharmacol. Toxicol. 79(3) , 114-9, (1996)]
2007-09-01
[Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 63(9) , 837-42, (2007)]
Partial and full agonism in endomorphin derivatives: comparison by null and operational model.
2006-06-01
[Peptides 27(6) , 1507-13, (2006)]