Fenofibric acid

Names

[ CAS No. ]:
42017-89-0

[ Name ]:
Fenofibric acid

[Synonym ]:
Procetofenic acid
2-(4'-(p-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid
2-[4-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy]-2-methyl-propanoic acid
Fibricor
Propanoic acid, 2-[4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy]-2-methyl-
Fenofibric acid
Fenofibrate Related Compound B
2-[4-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy]-2-methylpropanoic acid
Fenofibrate impurity B
EINECS 255-626-9
MFCD00792461
2-[4-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy]-2-methylpropionic acid
2-(4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Fenofibric acid, an active metabolite of fenofibrate, is a PPAR activitor, with EC50s of 22.4 µM, 1.47 µM, and 1.06 µM for PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively; Fenofibric acid also inhibits COX-2 enzyme activity, with an IC50 of 48 nM.

[Related Catalog]:

Research Areas >> Metabolic Disease

[Target]

PPARδ:1.06 μM (EC50)

PPARγ:1.47 μM (EC50)

PPARα:22.4 μM (EC50)

COX-2:48 μM (IC50)

[In Vitro]

Fenofibric acid is a PPAR activitor, with EC50s of 22.4 µM, 1.47 µM, and 1.06 µM for PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively[1]. Fenofibric acid (10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 nM) dose-dependently inhibits COX-2 enzyme, with IC50 of 48 nM[2]. Fenofibric acid (500 nM) reduces abundance of AOX1 protein in HepG2 cells[3]. Fenofibric acid (100 µM) decreases JNK1/2, c-Jun, and p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and prevents the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and disruption of blood retinal barrier (BRB) in response to the combination of high-glucose (HG) and hypoxia in ARPE-19 cells. Fenofibric acid (100 µM) activates IGF-IR/Akt/ERK1/2-mediated survival signaling pathways in ARPE-19 cells under HG conditions and hypoxia[4].

[In Vivo]

Fenofibric acid (1, 5, 10 mg/kg, p.o.) shows anti-inflammatory activity in Wistar rats with acute inflammation induced by carrageenan[2].

[Cell Assay]

ARPE-19 cells are cultured under normoglycemic (5.5 mM D-glucose) or hyperglycemic (25 mM D-glucose) conditions for 18 days at 37°C under 5% (v/v) CO2 in medium DMEM/F12 supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal serum (FS) and penicillin/streptomycin. ARPE-19 cells are used and the media is changed every 3-4 days. The conditions tested are: (1) Control cells which are maintained in 5.5 mM D-glucose (normal glucose) for 18 days. (2) Cells cultured in 5.5 mM D-glucose treated with 100 µM Fenofibric acid for 72 h (days 16, 17, and 18; 1 application/day). (3) Cells cultured as in (1) or (2) and submitted to hypoxia (1% oxygen) for the last 6 or 24 h. (4) Cells maintained in 25 mM D-glucose (HG) for 18 days. (5) Cells cultured in 25 mM D-glucose treated with 100 µM Fenofibric acid for 72 h (days 16, 17, and 18; 1 application/day). (6)Cells cultured as in (4) or (5) and submitted to hypoxia (1% oxygen) for the last 6 or 24 h[4].

[Animal admin]

The anti-inflammatory activity of fenofibrate and its active metabolite fenofibric acid is assessed by injecting 0.1 mL of 1% carrageenan solution prepared in saline (sub-plantar) to the right hind paw of the rats. Rats are divided into 6 groups of six animals each. The first group serves as negative control and receives 1% tween-80 in distilled water, 10 mL/kg body mass. Group 2 and 3 receive a single dose of fenofibrate and standard drug diclofenac at 10 mg/kg body mass, whereas groups 4, 5, and 6 receive 3 doses of Fenofibric acid at 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg body mass, respectively. All the drugs are given orally using gavages 60 min before the injection of 0.1 mL of 1% carrageenan through sub-plantar route. The volume of oedema of test and control groups is measured using plethysmometer at 0, 1, 2, and 3 h after induction of inflammation[2].

[References]

[1]. Dietz M, et al. Comparative molecular profiling of the PPARα/γ activator aleglitazar: PPAR selectivity, activity and interaction with cofactors. ChemMedChem. 2012 Jun;7(6):1101-11.

[2]. Prasad GS, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of anti-hyperlipidemic drug, fenofibrate, and its phase-I metabolite fenofibric acid: in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies. Inflammopharmacology. 2017 Dec 13.

[3]. Neumeier M, et al. Aldehyde oxidase 1 is highly abundant in hepatic steatosis and is downregulated by adiponectin and fenofibric acid in hepatocytes in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Nov 24;350(3):731-5. Epub 2006 Sep 27.

[4]. Miranda S, et al. Beneficial effects of fenofibrate in retinal pigment epithelium by the modulation of stress and survival signaling under diabetic conditions. J Cell Physiol. 2012 Jun;227(6):2352-62.

[Related Small Molecules]

GW9662 | Retinoic acid | Elafibranor | GW501516 | 4-Acetamidophenol | Troglitazone | T0070907 | Pemafibrate | Aspirin | CDDO-Im | Wy-14643 | GW0742 | GW1929 | FH535 | Icariin

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.3±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
486.5±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
176--179ºC

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₁₇H₁₅ClO₄

[ Molecular Weight ]:
318.752

[ Flash Point ]:
248.0±25.9 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
318.065887

[ PSA ]:
63.60000

[ LogP ]:
3.86

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±1.3 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.585

[ Storage condition ]:
-20°C Freezer

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: UA2453000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Propanoic acid, 2-(4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy)-2-methyl-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 42017-89-0

LAST UPDATED :: 199612

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 4

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C17-H15-Cl-O4

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 318.77

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1242 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: DRFUD4 Drugs of the Future. (J.R. Prous, S.A., Apartado de Correos 540, 08080 Barcelona, Spain) V.1- 1975/76- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,229,1982

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 313 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - pleural thickening

REFERENCE :: YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23(Suppl 4),S873,1995

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 26,885,1976

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 26,885,1976

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS07, GHS09

[ Signal Word ]:
Warning

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H302-H410

[ Precautionary Statements ]:
P273-P501

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xn,N

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R36/37/38

[ Safety Phrases ]:
26-36/37/39

[ RIDADR ]:
UN 3077 9 / PGIII

[ RTECS ]:
UA2453000

[ HS Code ]:
2918990090

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2918990090

[ Summary ]:
2918990090. other carboxylic acids with additional oxygen function and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:30.0%

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