Phenylbutazone

Names

[ CAS No. ]:
50-33-9

[ Name ]:
Phenylbutazone

[Synonym ]:
4-Bromo-N-methylaniline
Kadol
A 7514
Uzone
Azolid
Benzenamine, 4-bromo-N-methyl-
4-Butyl-1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione
Phenylbutazone
PBZ
Azdid
4-Bromo-N-methylbenzenamine
Butoz
EINECS 200-029-0
pyrazinobutazone
Bute
4-butyl-1,2-diphenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione
1,2-diphenyl-4-butyl-3,5-dioxopyrazolidine
MFCD00005500
Reudo
Buzon

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Phenylbutazone is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of chronic pain, including the symptoms of arthritis.Target: OthersPhenylbutazone was originally made available for use in humans for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and gout in 1949. However, when combined with paracetamol and many other household painkillers even in the smallest doses can cause irreversible liver degradation proving fatal in many cases. It is no longer approved, and therefore not marketed, for any human use in the United States. In the UK it is used to treat ankylosing spondylitis, but only when other therapies are unsuitable.Phenylbutazone may be administered orally (via paste, powder or feed-in) or intravenously. It should not be given intramuscularly or injected in any place other than a vein, as it can cause tissue damage. Tissue damage and edema may also occur if the drug is injected repetitively into the same vein. Phenylbutazone should be administered only under the advice of a veterinarian.

[Related Catalog]:

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

[Target]

COX-2:1.1 μM (IC50)

COX-1:3.7 μM (IC50)

[References]

[1]. Beretta C, et al. COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition in horse blood by phenylbutazone, flunixin, carprofen and meloxicam: an in vitro analysis. Pharmacol Res. 2005 Oct;52(4):302-6.

[Related Small Molecules]

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.5±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
240.4±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
104-107 °C

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₁₉H₂₀N₂O₂

[ Molecular Weight ]:
186.049

[ Flash Point ]:
99.2±22.6 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
184.984009

[ PSA ]:
40.62000

[ LogP ]:
2.76

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±0.5 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.613

[ Stability ]:
Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, strong bases.

[ Water Solubility ]:
<0.1 g/100 mL at 23.5 ºC

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: UQ8225000

CHEMICAL NAME :: 3,5-Pyrazolidinedione, 4-butyl-1,2-diphenyl-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 50-33-9

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0290080

LAST UPDATED :: 199710

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 76

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C19-H20-N2-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 308.41

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: T5VNNV EHJ BR& CR& E4

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :: 168 mg/kg/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Vascular - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes primarily in glomeruli

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 17500 ug/kg/3W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume decreased

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 2426 mg/kg/24H-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 200 mg/kg/5W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Vascular - BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume decreased Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - hematuria

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :: 40 mg/kg/4D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - leukopenia Blood - agranulocytosis Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature increase

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 245 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - analgesia

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 142 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 230 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 220 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 238 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 128 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 230 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 90 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 430 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 128 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 332 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 121 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - analgesia

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 781 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 146 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 250 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 1260 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :: 700 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - analgesia

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :: 300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - analgesia

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 13 gm/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 83950 mg/kg/1Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - liver function tests impaired Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 6300 mg/kg/21D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Related to Chronic Data - changes in ovarian weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 600 mg/kg/4D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from stomach Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2800 mg/kg/2W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 39 gm/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Primate - monkey

DOSE/DURATION :: 37800 mg/kg/27W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Endocrine - changes in spleen weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - domestic

DOSE/DURATION :: 158 mg/kg/12D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - food intake (animal) Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from stomach Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 4368 mg/kg/4Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - leukemia

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Multiple routes

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :: 4200 mg/kg/77W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - leukemia

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 51500 mg/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 154 gm/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 140 mg/kg/3W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - changes in cell count (unspecified) Blood - leukemia

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 360 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 17-22 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 1140 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 14 day(s) pre-mating female 1-22 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 30 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 21 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 600 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 5-16 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 1100 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 7-17 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 25200 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 84 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - ovaries, fallopian tubes Reproductive - Maternal Effects - uterus, cervix, vagina

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 8 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 8 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 1050 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-7 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 780 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 1560 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 200 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA inhibition

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Mutation in mammalian somatic cells

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/L

REFERENCE :: NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-367,1990 *** REVIEWS *** IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,183,1977 IARC Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,183,1977 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,316,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ANTCAO Antibiotics and Chemotherapy (Washington, DC). (Washington, DC) V.1-12, 1951-62. For publisher information, see CLMEA3. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,-,1953 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AJMEAZ American Journal of Medicine. (Technical Pub., 875 Third Ave., New York, NY 10022) V.1- 1946- Volume(issue)/page/year: 38,409,1965 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ADVPA3 Advances in Pharmacology. (New York, NY) V.1-6, 1962-68. For publisher information, see AVPCAQ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,263,1966 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW FNSCA6 Forensic Science. (Lausanne, Switzerland) V.1-11, 1972-78. For pub lisher information, see FSINDR. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,67,1973 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X3730 No. of Facilities: 58 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 3 No. of Employees: 755 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 488 (estimated)

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS06

[ Signal Word ]:
Danger

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H301-H312 + H332-H315-H319-H335

[ Precautionary Statements ]:
P261-P280-P301 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Faceshields;Gloves

[ Hazard Codes ]:
T:Toxic

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R45;R20/21/22;R36/37/38;R42/43

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S36/37/39-S26-S45-S22-S53

[ RIDADR ]:
3249

[ RTECS ]:
UQ8225000

[ Packaging Group ]:
III

[ Hazard Class ]:
6.1(b)

[ HS Code ]:
2933199090

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2933199090

[ Summary ]:
2933199090. other compounds containing an unfused pyrazole ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

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