Maltose

[Description]:

Maltose is a disaccharide formed from two units of glucose joined with an α(1→4) bond. Maltose is a reducing sugar.

[Related Catalog]:

Research Areas >> Others

Natural Products >> Saccharides and Glycosides

[Target]

Human Endogenous Metabolite

[In Vitro]

Maltose is the two-unit member of the amylose homologous series, the key structural motif of starch. When beta-amylase breaks down starch, it removes two glucose units at a time, producing maltose. In the isomer isomaltose, the two glucose molecules are joined with an α(1→6) bond.

[Related Small Molecules]

[ Density]:
1.8±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
667.9±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
110ºC

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁

[ Molecular Weight ]:
342.297

[ Flash Point ]:
357.8±31.5 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
342.116211

[ PSA ]:
189.53000

[ LogP ]:
-3.41

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±4.6 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.652

[ Storage condition ]:
2-8°C

[ Stability ]:
Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

Click to get detail MSDS

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: OO5250000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Maltose

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 69-79-4

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0093798

LAST UPDATED :: 199701

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 23

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C12-H22-O11

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 342.34

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: T6OTJ B1Q CQ DQ EQ F- 2O -D

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 mg/kg/2D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in sodium

REFERENCE :: AIMEAS Annals of Internal Medicine. (American College of Physicians, 4200 Pine St., Philadelphia, PA 19104) V.1- 1927- Volume(issue)/page/year: 118,526,1993

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 34800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

REFERENCE :: YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,53,1979

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 30600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,251,1972

TYPE OF TEST :: LD - Lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >26700 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - excitement

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,251,1972

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 15300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,251,1972

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >44 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: NIIRDN Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). (Yakugyo Jiho Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) Volume(issue)/page/year: -,1139,1990

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 29100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: NIIRDN Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). (Yakugyo Jiho Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) Volume(issue)/page/year: -,1139,1990

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 38600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

REFERENCE :: YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,53,1979

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 26800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,53,1979

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 25200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,541,1972 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 300 mL/kg/30D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,251,1972

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 780 gm/kg/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - dehydrogenases Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,1175,1972

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 780 gm/kg/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,1441,1972 ** TUMORIGENIC DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1750 mg/kg/50W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

REFERENCE :: GANNA2 Gann. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. (Tokyo, Japan) V.1-75, 1907-84. For publisher information, see JJCREP. Volume(issue)/page/year: 48,556,1957 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

DOSE :: 15 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 9-14 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,751,1972

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 50 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 8-12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

REFERENCE :: TCMUD8 Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,361,1986

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

DOSE :: 30 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 7-12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,751,1972

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

DOSE :: 60 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 7-12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,751,1972

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

DOSE :: 22500 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 8-16 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,1359,1973

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

DOSE :: 105 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 18-31 day(s) after conception lactating female 28 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - physical

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,971,1978 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 83248 No. of Facilities: 179 (estimated) No. of Industries: 3 No. of Occupations: 5 No. of Employees: 1441 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 83248 No. of Facilities: 716 (estimated) No. of Industries: 7 No. of Occupations: 10 No. of Employees: 11967 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 8150 (estimated)

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xi

[ RIDADR ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK Germany ]:
-

[ HS Code ]:
1702900090

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor

DownStream

[ HS Code ]: 2932999099

[ Summary ]:
2932999099. other heterocyclic compounds with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

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