VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C2-H2-Cl2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

96.94

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

GYGU1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

25 ppm

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - general anesthetic Liver - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

6350 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - coma

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

194 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

5750 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

225 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD - Lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

>2426 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

3700 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

1300 mg/kg/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other transferases Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - amino acids (including renal excretion)

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

189 mg/m3/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - fatty liver degeneration Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

189 mg/m3/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Liver - fatty liver degeneration Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Primate - monkey

DOSE/DURATION :

189 mg/m3/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - fatty liver degeneration Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

101 mg/m3/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

189 mg/m3/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

55 ppm/6H/52W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

25 ppm/4H/52W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors Blood - leukemia

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

4840 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

150 ppm/4H/52W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood - leukemia Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

55 ppm/6H/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

55 ppm/6H/52W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

55 ppm/6H/52W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

150 ppm/4H/52W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

55 ppm/6H/28W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

200 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

80 ppm/7H

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

55 ppm/6H

SEX/DURATION :

female 55 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - female fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated)

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

160 ppm/7H

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :

DNA damage

TYPE OF TEST :

DNA damage

TYPE OF TEST :

Unscheduled DNA synthesis

TYPE OF TEST :

Unscheduled DNA synthesis

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Sister chromatid exchange

TEST SYSTEM :

Rodent - hamster Lung

REFERENCE :

MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 187,157,1987 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-STEL 79 mg/m3 (20 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 20 mg/m3 (5 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,195,1986 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,195,1986 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,376,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CTOXAO Clinical Toxicology. (New York, NY) V.1-18, 1968-81. For publisher information, see JTCTDW. Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,633,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CMTVAS Cahiers de Medecine du Travail. (Association Professionnelle Belge des Medecine du Travail, rue du Bultia, 6280 Gerpinnes, Belgium) V.1- 1963- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(3),49,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: ORNL/TIRC-77/3 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW VHTODE Veterinary and Human Toxicology. (American College of Veterinary and Comparative Toxicology, Publication Office, Comparative Toxicology, Manhattan, KS 66506) V.19- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,31,1980 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);STEL 20 ppm (80 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 2 ppm (8 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);STEL 20 ppm (79 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 10 ppm (40 mg/m3);STEL 20 ppm (80 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 2 ppm (8 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 50 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 50 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (40 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 2 ppm (8 mg/m3);STEL 4 ppm (16 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 10 ppm (40 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE-air:CA lowest feasible conc. REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 83011 No. of Facilities: 879 (estimated) No. of Industries: 22 No. of Occupations: 23 No. of Employees: 10947 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 83011 No. of Facilities: 97 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 13 No. of Employees: 2679 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 291 (estimated)