Flaconitine

Flaconitine is isolated from the ammonium hydroxide wetted root of A.szechenyianum Gay. Flaconitine is considered to be a NF-κB inhibitor.

Research Areas >> Neurological Disease

Natural Products >> Alkaloid

NF-κB

Flaconitine has been demonstrated to suppress TNF-α induced NF-κB activation and is considered as a diester-diterpenoid-type NF-κB inhibitor[1] Flaconitine (3-Acetylaconitine) is evaluated for its cytotoxic activity against human leukemic P388 cells using the SRB (Sulforhodamine B) method, with Etoposide as the positive control. The cell growth inhibitory potency of Flaconitine is expressed as IC50 (μM) Value. Flaconitine exhibits moderately cytotoxic activity with an IC50 of 18.6 μM[2].

The assay is performed following a standard published procedure using microtiter plate format and sulforhodamine B standing at the end point. The leukemic cells (P388) are exposed to Flaconitine (3-Acetylaconitine) for three days. Cells are grown and maintained in an incubator set at 37°C, 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. RPMI-1640 media supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) and 0.5% trypsin are used to culture P388 cells[2].

[1]. Dong L, et al. Identification of nuclear factor-κB inhibitors and β2 adrenergic receptor agonists in Chinese medicinal preparation Fuzilizhong pills using UPLC with quadrupole time-of-flight MS. Phytochem Anal. 2014 Mar-Apr;25(2):113-21.

[2]. He YQ, et al. Diterpenoid alkaloids from a Tibetan medicinal plant Aconitum richardsonianum var. pseudosessiliflorum and their cytotoxic activity. J Pharm Anal. 2011 Feb;1(1):57-59.

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MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C36-H49-N-O12

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

687.86

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

2300 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - muscle weakness Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

REFERENCE :

ZYYZEW Zhongguo Yaolixue Yu Dulixue Zazhi. (Chinese Pharmacological Society, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China) V.1- 1986- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,123,1987

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

310 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - muscle weakness Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

REFERENCE :

ZYYZEW Zhongguo Yaolixue Yu Dulixue Zazhi. (Chinese Pharmacological Society, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China) V.1- 1986- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,123,1987

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

490 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - muscle weakness Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

REFERENCE :

ZYYZEW Zhongguo Yaolixue Yu Dulixue Zazhi. (Chinese Pharmacological Society, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China) V.1- 1986- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,123,1987

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

410 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

YHHPAL Yaoxue Xuebao. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. Pharmaceutical Journal. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) V.1- 1953- Suspended 1966-78. Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,641,1984

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

2500 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - pleural thickening Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

REFERENCE :

CYLPDN Zhongguo Yaoli Xuebao. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. Chinese Journal of Pharmacology. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,83,1981

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

500 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

CYLPDN Zhongguo Yaoli Xuebao. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. Chinese Journal of Pharmacology. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,170,1981

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

700 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - muscle weakness Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

REFERENCE :

ZYYZEW Zhongguo Yaolixue Yu Dulixue Zazhi. (Chinese Pharmacological Society, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China) V.1- 1986- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,123,1987

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

400 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - muscle weakness Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

REFERENCE :

ZYYZEW Zhongguo Yaolixue Yu Dulixue Zazhi. (Chinese Pharmacological Society, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China) V.1- 1986- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,123,1987

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

30 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Cardiac - EKG changes not diagnostic of specified effects Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

REFERENCE :

ZYYZEW Zhongguo Yaolixue Yu Dulixue Zazhi. (Chinese Pharmacological Society, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China) V.1- 1986- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,123,1987

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

30 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Cardiac - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction) Cardiac - change in rate

REFERENCE :

ZYYZEW Zhongguo Yaolixue Yu Dulixue Zazhi. (Chinese Pharmacological Society, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China) V.1- 1986- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,123,1987

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

200 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - miosis (pupillary constriction) Behavioral - muscle weakness Cardiac - EKG changes not diagnostic of specified effects

REFERENCE :

ZYYZEW Zhongguo Yaolixue Yu Dulixue Zazhi. (Chinese Pharmacological Society, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China) V.1- 1986- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,123,1987 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

6000 ug/kg/30D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Cardiac - other changes Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :

ZYYZEW Zhongguo Yaolixue Yu Dulixue Zazhi. (Chinese Pharmacological Society, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China) V.1- 1986- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,123,1987

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Primate - monkey

DOSE/DURATION :

2345 ug/kg/90D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Cardiac - other changes

REFERENCE :

ZYYZEW Zhongguo Yaolixue Yu Dulixue Zazhi. (Chinese Pharmacological Society, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China) V.1- 1986- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,123,1987

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

623 ug/kg/30D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Cardiac - EKG changes not diagnostic of specified effects Cardiac - other changes Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :

ZYYZEW Zhongguo Yaolixue Yu Dulixue Zazhi. (Chinese Pharmacological Society, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China) V.1- 1986- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,123,1987 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

1400 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - other effects to embryo

REFERENCE :

ZYYZEW Zhongguo Yaolixue Yu Dulixue Zazhi. (Chinese Pharmacological Society, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China) V.1- 1986- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,123,1987

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

DOSE :

180 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

REFERENCE :

ZYYZEW Zhongguo Yaolixue Yu Dulixue Zazhi. (Chinese Pharmacological Society, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China) V.1- 1986- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,123,1987

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

DOSE :

72 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

REFERENCE :

ZYYZEW Zhongguo Yaolixue Yu Dulixue Zazhi. (Chinese Pharmacological Society, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China) V.1- 1986- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,123,1987