3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine

Names

[ CAS No. ]:
91-94-1

[ Name ]:
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine

[Synonym ]:
DCB
ortho,ortho'-Dichlorobenzidine
Dichlorobenzidine, 3,3'-
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-diamino(1,1-biphenyl)
3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-biphenyldiamine
[1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine, 3,3'-dichloro-
3,3'-Dichloro-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine
4-13-00-00384 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
3,3`-dichlorobenzidine
3,3-Dichloro-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine
MFCD00043917
4-(4-amino-3-chlorophenyl)-2-chloroaniline
EINECS 202-109-0
3,3'-Dichlorobiphenyl-4,4'-diamine
o,o'-dichlorobenzidine

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.4±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
385.0±37.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
133ºC

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₁₂H₁₀Cl₂N₂

[ Molecular Weight ]:
253.127

[ Flash Point ]:
186.6±26.5 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
252.022110

[ PSA ]:
52.04000

[ LogP ]:
3.45

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.679

[ Stability ]:
Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: DD0525000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Benzidine, 3,3'-dichloro-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 91-94-1

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 2108022

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 53

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C12-H10-Cl2-N2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 253.14

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: ZR BG DR DZ CG

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 17 gm/kg/50W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3600 mg/kg/61W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - breast

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 5100 mg/kg/43W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 320 mg/kg female 15-21 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - transplacental tumorigenesis Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 5200 mg/kg/47W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 17 gm/kg/7Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 176 gm/kg/70W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 20 gm/kg/52W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 21 gm/kg/50W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 7 gm/kg/43W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA adduct

TEST SYSTEM :: Mammal - species unspecified Lymphocyte

REFERENCE :: CBINA8 Chemico-Biological Interactions. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 38,369,1982 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen, NO TWA (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,49,1974 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,239,1982 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,239,1982 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,193,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ADCSAJ Advances in Chemistry Series. (American Chemical Soc., Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC 20037) No.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,271,1970 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD:skin-HUMAN CARCINOGEN, NO ASSIGNED TWA DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,77,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):see CFR 29,1910.1007 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):see CFR 29,1926.1107 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):see CFR 29,1915.1007 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA-cancer suspect agent CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1007,1987 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.1 mg/m3;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE-air:CA use 29 CFR 1910.1007 REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS02, GHS06, GHS08, GHS09

[ Signal Word ]:
Danger

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H225-H301 + H311 + H331-H350-H370-H411

[ Precautionary Statements ]:
P201-P210-P260-P273-P280-P301 + P310

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face particle respirator type N100 (US);Gloves;respirator cartridge type N100 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter;type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges

[ Hazard Codes ]:
T,N,F

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R45

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S53-S45-S60-S61-S36/37-S16-S7

[ RIDADR ]:
UN 3077 9/PG 3

[ WGK Germany ]:
3

[ RTECS ]:
DD0550000

[ Packaging Group ]:
II

[ Hazard Class ]:
6.1

[ HS Code ]:
2921590032

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2921590032

[ Summary ]:
HS:2921590032 3,3'-dichloro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine VAT:17.0% Tax rebate rate:9.0% Supervision conditions:x MFN tariff:6.5% General tariff:30.0%

Articles

Evidence that 4-aminobiphenyl, benzidine, and benzidine congeners produce genotoxicity through reactive oxygen species.

Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 48(5) , 404-13, (2007)

4-Aminobyphenyl (4-Ab), benzidine (Bz), and Bz congeners were evaluated for their ability to induce genotoxicity through an oxidative mechanism. The mutagenicity of these compounds was tested in the p...

Photodechlorination of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine in water.

Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 21(3) , 500-6, (2002)

Laboratory experiments have been conducted to elucidate the photochemical behavior of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (DCB) and its congeners in aquatic systems. Photodechlorination of DCB was observed in aque...

Determination of dichlorobenzidine-hemoglobin adducts by GC/MS-NCI.

Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 69(4) , 240-6, (1997)

A method based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-negative ion chemical ionization detection (GC/MS-NCI) was developed for the determination of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (DCB)-hemoglobin adducts. Ad...