Citric acid monohydrate

Names

[ Name ]:
Citric acid monohydrate

[Synonym ]:
EXTRAN AP 22
monohydrate citric acid
ACETONE D
ACETONE 300
Citric acid hydrate
citric acid monohydrate powder
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, hydrate (1:1)
citric acid hydride
MFCD00008765
EINECS 200-662-2
citric
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid hydrate (1:1)
ACETONE 5000
2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid hydrate (1:1)
ACETONUM
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid hydrate
METHYL KETONE
FEMA 3326
Citric acid monohydrate
PROPANONE
Acide 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylique hydrate

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Citric acid monohydrate is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Citric acid monohydrate induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase. Citric acid monohydrate cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Citric acid monohydrate causes renal toxicity in mice[1][2][3].

[Related Catalog]:

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

Research Areas >> Metabolic Disease

[Target]

Human Endogenous Metabolite

[In Vitro]

Citric acid monohydrate (0-12.5 mM; 24 h) shows antiproliferative activity in a dose dependent manner[3]. Citric acid monohydrate (12.5 mM; 72 h) induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in a dosedependent manner[3]. Citric acid monohydrate (12.5 mM; 48 h) increases the expression of FAS, BAX, BID, AIF, EndoG, cytochrome c, PARP, GADD153, GRP78 and caspase-3, -8, -9, and decreases of BCL-2 and BCL-Xl[3]. Cell Viability Assay[3] Cell Line: HaCaT cells Concentration: 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 mM Incubation Time: 24 h Result: Inhibited the cell viability in a dose dependent manner. Cell Cycle Analysis[3] Cell Line: HaCaT cells Concentration: 12.5 mM Incubation Time: 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 h Result: Induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in a dosedependent manner. Western Blot Analysis[3] Cell Line: HaCaT cells Concentration: 12.5 mM Incubation Time: 12, 24, 48 h Result: Increased the expression of FAS, BAX, BID, AIF, EndoG, cytochrome c, PARP, GADD153, GRP78 and caspase-3, -8, -9, and decreased of BCL-2 and BCL-Xl.

[In Vivo]

Citric acid monohydrate (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; i.p.) significantly decreases GSH-Px activity and induces an increase in the MDA (malonyldialdehyde) levels in mouse liver[1]. Citric acid monohydrate (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; i.p.) induces apoptosis by increases caspase-3 activity in a dose-dependent manner in mouse hepatocytes[1]. Citric acid monohydrate (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; i.p.; weekly for 3 weeks) causes renal toxicity in mice[2]. Animal Model: 20 g male Kunming mice[2] Dosage: 120, 240, 480 mg/kg Administration: I.p.; weekly for 3 weeks Result: T-SOD and GSH-Px activities in the treated groups decreased with increasing doses of citric acid, NOS activity tended to increase, and H2O2 and MDA contents gradually decreased.

[References]

[1]. Chen X, et al. Study on injury effect of food additive citric acid on liver tissue in mice. Cytotechnology. 2014 Mar;66(2):275-82.

[2]. Chen X, Lv Q, Liu Y, Deng W. Effects of the food additive, citric acid, on kidney cells of mice. Biotech Histochem. 2015 Jan;90(1):38-44.

[3]. Ying TH, et al. Citric acid induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis of human immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) via caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent signaling pathways. Anticancer Res. 2013 Oct;33(10):4411-20.

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.54

[ Boiling Point ]:
56 °C760 mm Hg(lit.)

[ Melting Point ]:
135-152 ºC

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₆H₁₀O₈

[ Molecular Weight ]:
210.139

[ Flash Point ]:
173.9 ºC

[ Exact Mass ]:
210.037567

[ PSA ]:
141.36000

[ Vapour density ]:
2 (vs air)

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
184 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

[ Index of Refraction ]:
n20/D 1.359(lit.)

[ Storage condition ]:
Store at RT.

[ Stability ]:
Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, bases, reducing agents, nitrates.

[ Water Solubility ]:
1630 g/L (20 ºC)

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: GE7810000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Citric acid, monohydrate

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 5949-29-1

LAST UPDATED :: 199504

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 3

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C6-H8-O7.H2-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 210.16

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Rinsed with water

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

REFERENCE :: TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,281,1982 ** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 375 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: AD-A121-876 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X3648 No. of Facilities: 715 (estimated) No. of Industries: 11 No. of Occupations: 15 No. of Employees: 17300 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 9926 (estimated)

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS07

[ Signal Word ]:
Warning

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H319

[ Precautionary Statements ]:
P305 + P351 + P338

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xi:Irritant

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R36/37/38;R41

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S9-S16-S26-S37/39-S36/37/39

[ RIDADR ]:
UN 1090 3/PG 2

[ WGK Germany ]:
1

[ RTECS ]:
AL3150000

[ Packaging Group ]:
I; II; III

[ HS Code ]:
2918140000

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2918199090

[ Summary ]:
2918199090 other carboxylic acids with alcohol function but without other oxygen function, their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids and their derivatives。Supervision conditions:None。VAT:17.0%。Tax rebate rate:9.0%。MFN tariff:6.5%。General tariff:30.0%

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