Nicaraven

Nicaraven is a novel chemically synthesized hydroxyl radical-specific scavenger.

Signaling Pathways >> Others >> Others

Research Areas >> Cancer

The maximum aggregation rate induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is significantly inhibited by nicaraven at concentration ranges of 350 μM or higher in the healthy volunteer platelets. The maximum aggregation rate induced by collagen is significantly inhibited by 1.75 mM of nicaraven[1].

Nicaraven inhibits lipid peroxidation in the liver, improves hepatic and systemic hemodynamics and energy metabolism, and suppresses liver enzyme release, endothelin-1 elevation in hepatic venous blood, histologic damage, and neutrophil infiltration into the liver[1]. Nicaraven increases the number of c-kit(+) stem/progenitor cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood, with a recovery rate around 60-90% of age-matched non-irradiated healthy mice. The potency of colony forming from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells as indicator of function is completely protected with nicaraven treatment[2]. Administration of nicaraven significantly increases the number, improves the colony-forming capacity, and decreases the DNA damage of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. The urinary levels of 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine, a marker of DNA oxidation, are significantly lower in mice that are given nicaraven compared with those that receive a placebo. The administration of nicaraven significantly decreases the levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in the plasma of mice[3].

Mice: To investigate the protective effect and related mechanisms of nicaraven on radiation-induced injury in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, 12 mice are exposed to 1 Gy γ-rays daily for 5 days in succession (a total of 5 Gy) and are then given intraperitoneal injections of nicaraven (100 mg/kg/day, Nicaraven group; n=6) or saline only (Placebo group; n=6), respectively, soon after each exposure. The mice are sacrificed 2 days after the last exposure, and samples of urine, blood, and bone marrow cells are collected and used for the following experiments[3].

[1]. Komiya T, et al. A novel free radical scavenger, nicaraven, inhibits human platelet aggregation in vitro. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1999 Jan-Feb;22(1):11-4.

[2]. Yokota R, et al. A novel hydroxyl radical scavenger, nicaraven, protects the liver from warm ischemia and reperfusion injury. Surgery. 2000 Jun;127(6):661-9.

[3]. Ali H, et al. The potential benefits of nicaraven to protect against radiation-induced injury in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells with relative low dose exposures.

[4]. Nicaraven attenuates radiation-induced injury in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in mice. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e60023.

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MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C15-H16-N4-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

284.35

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

840 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation

REFERENCE :

YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23(Suppl 1),S9,1995

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

590 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Skin and Appendages - hair

REFERENCE :

YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23(Suppl 1),S5,1995

TYPE OF TEST :

LD - Lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

>1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

EPXXDW European Patent Application. (U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Foreign Patents, Washington, DC 20231) Volume(issue)/page/year: #0029602

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

1500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation) Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

REFERENCE :

YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23(Suppl 1),S13,1995 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

22680 mg/kg/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Endocrine - changes in adrenal weight Blood - normocytic anemia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

REFERENCE :

YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23(Suppl 1),S21,1995

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

49140 mg/kg/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Endocrine - changes in spleen weight Blood - normocytic anemia Blood - other changes

REFERENCE :

YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23(Suppl 1),S69,1995

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

9450 mg/kg/5W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified

REFERENCE :

YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23(Suppl 1),S41,1995

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

26400 mg/kg/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - ptosis Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified

REFERENCE :

YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23(Suppl 1),S103,1995 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

DOSE :

12 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 60 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Paternal Effects - prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands

REFERENCE :

YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23(Suppl 1),S155,1995