| In Vivo |
PF-06282999 is moderately bound to plasma proteins across preclinical species and humans. The blood/plasma ratios for PF-06282999 are 1.1, 1.1, 0.91, 1.2, and 0.94 in mice, rats, dogs, monkeys, and humans, respectively, suggesting that PF-06282999 is equally distributed into plasma and red blood cells[1]. The in vivo pharmacokinetics of PF-06282999 are examined in greater detail in mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys, wherein it is demonstrated to have low CLp in mice (10.1 mL/min/kg), dogs (3.39 mL/min/kg), monkeys (10.3 mL/min/kg) and moderate CLp in rats (41.8 mL/min/kg). The terminal plasma elimination half-lives (t1/2) range from 0.75 to 3.3 h in the four species. Approximately 26-32% of the iv dose of PF-06282999 is excreted in the unchanged form in rat, dog, and monkey urine, wherein it is also shown that it is well distributed with steady state distribution volumes (Vdss) ranging from 0.5-2.1 L/kg in mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys. Following oral administration, PF-06282999 is rapidly (Tmax=0.78-1.70 h) and well absorbed in mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys with oral bioavailability values of 100%, 86%, 75%, and 76%, respectively[2].
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| Animal Admin |
In order to ascertain whether the advances noted in the in vitro and ex vivo assays for candidate thiouracil derivatives translated to effective irreversible inhibition of MPO in vivo, PF-06282999 is also advanced to an in vivo pharmacology study in cynomolgus monkeys using iv endotoxin (LPS) challenge, a classic model of inflammatory leukocyte activation with corresponding MPO activation demonstrated in various species including human. In this randomized crossover study, cynomolgus monkeys are orally administered either vehicle or PF-06282999 (5, 20, and 80 mg/kg) 1 h after iv administration of LPS. Blood is sampled throughout the study and heparinized plasma prepared for MPO activity measurements as well as determination of 8 plasma concentrations. Total MPO is captured using anti-MPO antibody coated plates, and following exchange of plasma for drug-free assay media, the residual activity of the captured MPO is measured using the peroxidation of Amplex Red. A mixed effect sigmoid model is applied to study the relationship between plasma exposure of PF-06282999 and the MPO capture activity at 2 h after dose and 3 h after LPS administration, which corresponds to the peak of MPO activity.
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