Silicon dioxide

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

O2-Si

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

60.09

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

SI O2

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

16 mppcf/8H/17.9Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cough Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :

LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

300 ug/m3/10Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

90 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intratracheal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

40 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

20 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

80 mg/m3/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Blood - changes in spleen Immunological Including Allergic - decrease in cellular immune response

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

108 mg/m3/6H/3D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other oxidoreductases Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - other proteins

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

58 mg/m3/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Endocrine - changes in thymus weight Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

1475 ug/m3/8H/21W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

4932 ug/m3/24H/39W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Endocrine - changes in spleen weight Immunological Including Allergic - decrease in humoral immune response

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

28 mg/m3/3W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - changes in lung weight Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other Enzymes

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

50 mg/m3/6H/71W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

45 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

90 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intrapleural

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

90 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intratracheal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

111 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intratracheal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

100 mg/kg/19W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Implant

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

900 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Implant

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

4000 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intrapleural

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :

83 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

90 mg/kg/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

450 mg/kg/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Implant

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

4554 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intrapleural

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - bronchiogenic carcinoma

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intrapleural

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intrapleural

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intrapleural

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Micronucleus test

TEST SYSTEM :

Rodent - hamster Lung

REFERENCE :

MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 335,27,1995 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.1 mg/m3, respirable dust DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 42,39,1987 IARC Cancer Revew:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,41,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 42,39,1987 IARC Cancer Revew:Human Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,41,1997 IARC Cancer Revew:Group 1 IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,41,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW 31BYAP "Experimental Lung Cancer: Carcinogenesis and Bioassays, International Symposium, 1974," Karbe, E., and J.F. Park, eds., Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 1974 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,94,1974 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-respirable dust in air:TWA 10 mg/m3/% resp. SiO2+2 DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,33,1973 MSHA STANDARD-total dust in air:TWA 30 mg/m3/2(SiO2+3) DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,33,1973 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 10 mg/m3/(% resp SiO2+2) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 10 mg/m3/(% resp SiO2+2) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 30 mg/m3/(%SiO2+2), total dust CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 250 mppcf/(%SiO2+5) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 250 mppcf/(%SiO2+5) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 0.15 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 14 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.15 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 10 mg/m3 (resp. dust) JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 30 mg/m3 (total dust) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (resp. dust) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.3 mg/m3 (total dust) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO SILICA, crystalline quartz-air:10H CA TWA 0.05 mg/m3 REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 66495 No. of Facilities: 4077 (estimated) No. of Industries: 59 No. of Occupations: 82 No. of Employees: 81221 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X6478 No. of Facilities: 135 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 10 No. of Employees: 8927 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 741 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 66495 No. of Facilities: 53724 (estimated) No. of Industries: 254 No. of Occupations: 173 No. of Employees: 944731 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 112888 (estimated)