SULFUR DIOXIDE

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

O2-S

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

64.06

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

S O2

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :

LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

1000 ppm/10M

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

3 ppm/5D

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

12 ppm/1H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

3000 ppm/5M

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

2520 ppm/1H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

3000 ppm/30M

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)

TYPE OF TEST :

LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

1039 ppm/24H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :

1 pph/15M

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :

3000 ppm/5M

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

4910 ug/m3/6H/17W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - cytochrome oxidases (including oxidative phosphorylation) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - dehydrogenases

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

500 ug/m3/96D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Brain and Coverings - changes in surface EEG Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - xanthine, purine or nucleotides including urate

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

400 ppm/3H/6W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

10 ppm/24H/14D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - food intake (animal) Liver - other changes Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - lipids including transport

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

1 ppm/90M/1Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

500 ppm/2H/21W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

200 mg/m3/3H/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Cardiac - other changes Liver - other changes Blood - hemorrhage

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

10 ppm/1H/30D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - lipids including transport

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

500 ppm/5M/30W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

4 mg/m3/24H

SEX/DURATION :

female 72 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes or disorders Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition Reproductive - Fertility - female fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated)

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

4 mg/m3/24H

SEX/DURATION :

female 72 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - delayed effects

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

4970 ug/m3/12H

SEX/DURATION :

female 12 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes or disorders Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

30 ppm/6H

SEX/DURATION :

male 21 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

25 ppm/7H

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

25 ppm/7H

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

32 ppm/24H

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

70 ppm/7H

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :

Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :

Sister chromatid exchange

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Cytogenetic analysis

TEST SYSTEM :

Mammal - cattle Cells - not otherwise specified

REFERENCE :

MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,149,1977 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-STEL 13 mg/m3 (5 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 5.2 mg/m3 (2 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,131,1992 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,131,1992 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,131,1992 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,163,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: PB228-002 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,35,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW GEIGAI Gendai Igaku. Current Medicine. (Aichi-ken Ishikai, 14-28, Sakae 4-chome, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460, Japan) V.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,299,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St., NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,903,1968 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ENVRAL Environmental Research. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,139,1978 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: CONF-691001 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AMIHBC AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. (Chicago, IL) V.2-10, 1950-54. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,455,1954 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 5 ppm (13 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,238,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 5 ppm (13 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 5 ppm (13 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 5 ppm (13 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 5 ppm (13 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 5 ppm (13 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 2 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 5 ppm (10 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 2 ppm (5.2 mg/m3);STEL 5 ppm (13 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 2 ppm (5 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 2 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 5 ppm (13 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 2 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 5 ppm (10 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 2 ppm (5 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 3 mg/m3;STEL 6 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 2 ppm (5 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 5 ppm (13 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 20 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 10 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 2 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 5 ppm (13 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 2 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 4 ppm (10 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 5 ppm (13 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 5 ppm (13 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 2 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 5 ppm (13 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO SULFUR DIOXIDE-air:10H TWA 2 ppm;STEL 5 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 70860 No. of Facilities: 6399 (estimated) No. of Industries: 85 No. of Occupations: 61 No. of Employees: 51398 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 70860 No. of Facilities: 2465 (estimated) No. of Industries: 59 No. of Occupations: 58 No. of Employees: 55033 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 8990 (estimated)