苯乙烯_MSDS_用途_密度_苯乙烯CAS号【100-42-5】

【用途一】
用于有机合成和树脂的合成
【用途二】
主要用作聚苯乙烯、合成橡胶、工程塑料、离子交换树脂等的原料
【用途三】
用于配制镀铜光亮剂，起整平及光亮作用
【用途四】
最重要的用途是作为合成橡胶和塑料的单体，用来生产丁苯橡胶、聚苯乙烯、泡沫聚苯乙烯；也用于与其他单体共聚制造多种不同用途的工程塑料。如与丙烯腈、丁二烯共聚制得ABS树脂，广泛用于各种家用电器及工业上；与丙烯腈共聚制得的SAN是耐冲击、色泽光亮的树脂；与丁二烯共聚所制得的SBS是一种热塑性橡胶，广泛用作聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯的改性剂等。此外，少量苯乙烯也用作香料等中间体。苯乙烯经氯甲基化得到肉桂基氯用作非麻醉性镇痛剂强痛定的中间体，苯乙烯还用作镇咳祛痰的易咳嗪、抗胆碱药胃长宁的原药。
【用途五】
电子显微镜分析，有机合成。
【用途六】
电子显微镜分析，有机合成。用于ICP-AES、AAS、AFS、ICP-MS、离子色谱等。滴定分析用标准溶液。校准仪器和装置；评价方法；工作标准；质量保证/质量控制；其他。

[ 密度 ]:
0.9±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
145.2±7.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
-31 °C

[ 分子式 ]:
C₈H₈

[ 分子量 ]:
104.149

[ 闪点 ]:
31.1±0.0 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
104.062599

[ LogP ]:
2.70

[ 外观性状 ]:
透明无色

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
3.6 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
6.2±0.1 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.558

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、酸类分开存放,不宜久储,以防聚合

[ 水溶解性 ]:
0.3 g/L (20 ºC)

[ 凝固点 ]:
-30.6℃

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: WL3675000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Styrene

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 100-42-5

LAST UPDATED :: 199801

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 133

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C8-H8

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 104.16

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: 1U1R

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Non-standard exposure

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

TYPE OF TEST :: Open irritation test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 10000 ppm/30M

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 600 ppm

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 20 ug/m3

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2650 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Liver - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 12 gm/m3/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 898 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 316 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 9500 mg/m3/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 660 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 90 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 4000 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 12 gm/m3/14H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - muscle weakness Behavioral - antipsychotic

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :: >1500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 17200 mg/kg/14W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - dehydrogenases

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3200 mg/kg/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of endocrine pancreas Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 23190 mg/kg/15D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Vascular - regional or general arteriolar constriction Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - monoamine oxidase

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 40 gm/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - changes in brain weight Behavioral - fluid intake Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3150 mg/kg/7D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other oxidoreductases Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other transferases

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 50 mg/m3/24H/70D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2000 ppm/8H/32W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - sensory change involving peripheral nerve Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 6 gm/m3/8H/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3500 mg/kg/7D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other Enzymes

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 8400 mg/kg/7W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - other changes Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - lipids including transport

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 10 gm/kg/10D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1500 ppm/6H/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Behavioral - fluid intake

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 300 ppm/6H/2W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Liver - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/kg/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of endocrine pancreas Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 ppm/90D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 250 ppm/6H/14D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Liver - changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 250 ppm/6H/5D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - dehydrogenases Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 50 mg/m3/4H/17W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified) Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - other proteins

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 3200 mg/kg/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of endocrine pancreas Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 6 gm/m3/8H/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - acute pulmonary edema Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 ppm/4H/5D/1Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors Blood - leukemia

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 8600 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-22 day(s) after conception lactating female 21 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 5575 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: multigenerations

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 4 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 11470 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 293 ppm/6H

SEX/DURATION :: female 7-21 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 1500 ug/m3/24H

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-22 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 5 mg/m3/24H

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-22 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - stillbirth Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 1500 ug/m3/24H

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-7 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 500 ppm/6H

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-16 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 1000 ppm/6H

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

TYPE OF TEST :: Sperm Morphology

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA damage

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

TYPE OF TEST :: Sperm Morphology

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Lung

REFERENCE :: ATSUDG Archives of Toxicology, Supplement. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) No.1- 1978- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,41,1980 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-STEL 170 mg/m3 (40 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 85 mg/m3 (20 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,231,1979 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 60,233,1994 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,231,1979 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 60,233,1994 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 60,233,1994 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,115,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,163,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CMTVAS Cahiers de Medecine du Travail. (Association Professionnelle Belge des Medecine du Travail, rue du Bultia, 6280 Gerpinnes, Belgium) V.1- 1963- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(3),49,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CBINA8 Chemico-Biological Interactions. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,117,1978 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW IGAYAY Igaku No Ayumi. Progress in Medicine. (Ishiyaku Shuppan K.K., 1-7-10, Honkomagom, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan) V.1- 1946- Volume(issue)/page/year: 106,105,1978 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 100 ppm (420 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,235,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 100 ppm;CL 200;Pk 600/5M/3H CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 100 ppm (420 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 100 ppm (420 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 100 ppm (420 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 50 ppm (215 mg/m3);STEL 100 ppm (425 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 50 ppm (213 mg/m3);STEL 100 ppm (426 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 25 ppm (105 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 20 ppm (85 mg/m3);STEL 100 ppm (420 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 50 ppm (215 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 20 ppm (85 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 50 mg/m3;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 50 ppm (210 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 100 ppm (420 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 100 ppm (420 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 100 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 25 ppm (110 mg/m3);STEL 75 ppm (300 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 50 ppm (215 mg/m3);STEL 100 ppm (430 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 100 ppm;STEL 200 ppm JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 100 ppm (420 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 100 ppm (420 mg/m3);STEL 260 ppm JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO STYRENE-air:10H TWA 50 ppm;STEL 100 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 70130 No. of Facilities: 16394 (estimated) No. of Industries: 137 No. of Occupations: 117 No. of Employees: 292018 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 70130 No. of Facilities: 24702 (estimated) No. of Industries: 154 No. of Occupations: 115 No. of Employees: 333212 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 86902 (estimated)

[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS07, GHS08

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H226-H315-H319-H332-H361d-H372

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P201-P210-P261-P280-P304 + P340 + P312-P308 + P313

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xn:Harmful

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R10;R20;R36/38

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S23-S36-S26-S16-S45-S36/37-S7

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 2055 3/PG 3

[ WGK德国 ]:
2

[ RTECS号 ]:
WL3675000

[ 包装等级 ]:
III

[ 危险类别 ]:
3

[ 海关编码 ]:
2902500000

详细合成路线

苯乙烯上游产品

苯乙烯下游产品

1.乙苯催化脱氢法：以乙苯为原料，在催化剂作用下，加热至600℃产生脱氢反应制得粗品，经精馏后制得成品。或者以苯和乙烯为原料，在三氯化铝催化剂存在下，由高温烷基化反应制得乙苯，乙苯在真空下催化脱氢制成粗品，经精馏制得成品。

工艺过程：乙苯在蒸发器中经烟道气加热蒸发后，进入预热器，用反应气体预热至400℃，再在炉内加热至560℃以上，将水蒸气与乙苯（其量为1.5-2）混合后，经加热至560℃以上，进入列管反应器，反应器由直径100mm的含铬管子组成，管内放入催化剂，管外用烟道气加热，维持床层温度在580-610℃；反应产物经过冷凝、分离水层，所得粗苯乙烯经蒸馏、真空精馏而得成品，含量99.5%，收率92%-94%。
此法所用催化剂主要为活性氧化锌。其他催化剂有105号催化剂（Fe2O387%,KOH11%,Cr2O322%)，有的以三氧化二铁为主，加入氧化铬、氯化铜等助催化剂，涂于氯化镁或碳酸钾等载体上，脱氢反应器有列管式和绝热式。前者催化剂层温度较为均匀，一般维持在580-610℃，在绝热器中为了维持热平衡，进料需预热至650左右。因此，在列管式反应器中裂解副反应少，收率较绝热式反应器约高3%，水蒸气耗量可少一半左右。
负压脱氢法的工艺过程为：原料乙苯经过本系统回收的余热进行预热、蒸发，再与过热蒸汽混合，达620-640℃进入反应器，与催化剂接触进行脱氢反应。为了保持反应在最佳温度下进行，反应器设计采用两段并在中间进行再加热，也可以直接设计成两个反应器。第一反应器床层温度一般在620-530℃，出口温度600-530℃，床层保持一定的压力降。第二反应器床层温度一般在620-580℃，出口温度590-580℃，床层同样要保持一定在压力降。总蒸汽配比1.5：1左右。在一般情况下，经色谱法分析，其转化率＞38%，选择性＞95%，苯乙烯在炉油中的含量＞57%为比较理想，反应后得到的炉油，经过两级精馏（即粗苯乙烯精馏与精苯乙烯精馏），就可得到符合要求的苯乙烯产品。精馏是在负压下进行，采用机械抽真空和蒸汽喷射泵都可以达到真空要求。炉油中没有参加反应乙苯可通过回收系统循环使用。反应中焦油控制在0.2%以下。
消耗定额：乙苯＜1.1t，循环水＜200t，蒸汽＜5.3t，电＜54.7KW·h/t。
新的苯乙烯工艺是：将乙苯脱氢生成的氢和氧进行反应生成水，反应平衡发生移动同时提供反应所需的热量。反应生成物和原来工艺完全相同，粗苯乙烯成分主要含有未反应的乙苯、苯乙烯、苯和甲苯。排出的气体主要是氢、甲烷、乙烯和二氧化碳。氧源可以使用空气、由变压吸附或膜分离制取的富氧空气，或者液状纯氧。和氧一起送往反应器的氮全部进入排入气中。

2.乙苯、丙烯共氧化法：乙苯经空气氧化制得氢过氧化物，再与丙烯进行环氧化合成环氧丙烷，联产的α-苯乙醇经脱水得苯乙烯；苯乙酮加氢可得α-苯乙醇。

1）乙苯氧化反应温度100-150℃，压力0.3-0.5MPa，反应时间3-5h，以乙苯氢过氧化物为引发剂，无水碳酸钠为助剂，用空气(110-160h-1)液相氧化而得乙苯氢过氧化物。
2）环氧化丙烯与乙苯氢过氧化物反应，其配比为（5-10）：1（mol)，催化剂用量钼为0.002mol，反应温度90-110℃，反应时间40-60min，自复压力1.96-3.92MPa，反应结束后，可得α-苯乙醇和环氧乙烷。
3）苯乙醇脱水反应在固定床、气相、常压下进行。该反应为吸热反应，脱水温度为250-260℃，以水蒸气为稀释剂，水与醇比为5mol，空速（液醇）为5h-1，催化剂为二氧化钛。在此条件下，α-苯乙醇的转化率达87%-92%，苯乙烯单程收率在85%，选择性可达95%以上。该法除了获得苯乙烯之外，还可联产环氧乙烷。

3.苯乙酮法：由乙苯氧化制苯乙酮，再由苯乙酮加氢制α-苯乙醇，α-苯乙醇脱水制苯乙烯（与上法第三步相同）。此法收率比乙苯催化剂脱氢法低，只有78%-80%，反应步骤，成本高。

4.制法：

于装有搅拌器、回流冷凝器、温度计的反应瓶中，加入喹啉70g，苯酚^①0.5g，电热套加热至190℃。另将a-氯代乙苯(2)70g（0.5mol）加热至150℃，将其迅速加入到上述反应瓶中，将混合物加热15min，在此时间内使混合物温度降至170～150℃。冷却后将其倒入100mL，10%的稀盐酸中，充分搅拌。分出上层有机层^②，水洗两次，无水氯化钙干燥。减压分馏，收集40～50℃/2.67～3.3KPa的馏分，得苯乙烯(1)45g，收率87%。注：①加入苯酚的目的是防止苯乙烯的聚合，苯酚为聚合抑制剂。②粗产品中含少量的未反应的a-氯代乙苯，分馏时可以除去(50～80℃/2.67～3.3KPa)。

5.制法：

于装有分馏装置的500mL反应瓶中，加入粉状的肉桂酸(2)148g（1.0mol），对苯二酚2g，几粒沸石。于接受瓶中加入0.5g对苯二酚。用电热套加热反应瓶，直至有苯乙烯开始镏出。调节热源，使分馏柱顶端温度保持在120℃左右，不得超过130℃.当不再有苯乙烯蒸馏出来时停止反应，约需4～5h。将馏出物中加入100mL水，加热蒸馏，苯乙烯合水一起蒸馏出来，直至无油状物馏出。分出油状物，无水氯化钙干燥，减压蒸馏，收集44～46℃/5.3kPa的馏分，得苯乙烯(1)40g,收率38%。

6.制法

于装有温度计、空气冷凝器的反应瓶中，加入肉桂酸(2)59g（0.4mol），喹啉129g，无水硫酸铜6g，氢醌0.15g，电热套加热。当升至250℃时，反应物变得很黑，并产生气泡。当升温至280～290℃时，分解速度加快，同时蒸出苯乙烯与喹啉的混合物，沸点由150℃逐渐升至200℃，反应结束时达到220～230℃。镏出液用过量的盐酸酸化，分出有机层^①，依次用水、碳酸钠溶液、水洗涤。加入0.1g氢醌，无水氯化钙干燥，减压蒸馏，收集71～72℃/9.31kPa的馏分，得苯乙烯(1)35g,收率84%。注：①水层中含有喹啉盐酸盐，间化后水蒸汽蒸馏，可回收90%的喹啉。
　　

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