正丁酸

正丁酸用途

【用途一】
用于制备香料、医药及其他有机化学品，也用于皮革的脱灰
【用途二】
用以测定脂肪溶解作用的临界温度及表面张力，以电解法测定铜时，用以消除铁的影响，也用作萃取剂、脱钙剂
【用途三】
丁酸是我国规定允许使用的食用香料，常用于黄油、干酪和水果香精的增香。用量按正常生产需要，一般在糖果中用量82mg/kg；口香糖中60～270mg/kg；烘烤食品中32mg/kg；人造奶油中18rag/kg；冷饮中6.5mg/kg。
【用途四】
作为饲料防腐剂、电解质平衡剂。也是我国规定允许使用的食用香料，常用于黄油、干酪和水果香精的增香。
【用途五】
丁酸的主要用途是制造丁酸纤维素，用于制造热成型标志牌，眼镜，汽车驾驶盘，黑色电话机部件等，在防老化、耐水性、收缩性等方面均比乙酸纤维素强，丁酸也广泛用于制造清漆和模塑粉。丁酸用于制造乙酸纤维素，能与多种树脂溶混，多用于配漆、抽丝与棉混纺。丁酸用于合成各类丁酸酯，纤维素阻燃剂和其他有机合成，主要衍生物是丁酸甲酸、丁酸乙酯、α-溴代丁酸、丁酰胺、丁酰苯胺、丁酰氯、丁酸三甘油脂、丁酰氨基苯乙醚、丁酰氨基茴香胺等等。用于香料、食品添加剂、医药、阻燃剂、防霉剂等。丁酸酯类具有愉快的水果香味，如丁酸甲酯有苹果香味，丁酸乙酯有菠萝香味，丁酸异戊酯有雪梨香味，丁酸异丙酯也具有菠萝香味。日用香精中的丁酸芳樟酯和丁酸牻牛儿酯也都是丁酸的衍生物。丁酸虽然是恶臭物质，使用受到限制，但也是调香原料不可缺少的物质。它不仅可作黄油、干酪香料主调料的原料，而且能使许多水果香精增味、增稠等。用作香味剂时，使用极微量的丁酸就能发出很强、很浓的气味。
【用途六】
用以测定脂肪溶解作用的临界温度。表面张力的测定。电解法测定铜时，用以消除铁的影响。

正丁酸名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
107-92-6

[ 中文名 ]:
丁酸

[ 英文名 ]:
Butyric Acid

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

n-Butyric acid
EINECS 203-532-3
MFCD00002814
Butyric acid

正丁酸物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.0±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
164.3±3.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
−6-−3 °C(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
C₄H₈O₂

[ 分子量 ]:
88.105

[ 闪点 ]:
76.7±0.0 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
88.052429

[ PSA ]:
37.30000

[ LogP ]:
0.78

[ 外观性状 ]:
液体;Colorless to Almost colorless clear liquid

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
3.04 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
1.4±0.3 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.411

[ 储存条件 ]:
-20°C

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stability Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, aluminium and most other common metals, alkalies, reducing agents.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
MISCIBLE

正丁酸MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

正丁酸毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: ES5425000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Butyric acid

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 107-92-6

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0906770

LAST UPDATED :: 199806

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 23

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C4-H8-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 88.12

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: QV3

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Open irritation test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC - Lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >500 mg/m3

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - necrotic changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Blood - changes in spleen

TYPE OF TEST :: LC - Lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >500 mg/m3

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 3180 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 3180 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 530 uL/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 14 gm/kg/7D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 33600 mg/kg/7D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 14 gm/kg/7D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - other changes

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA damage

TEST SYSTEM :: Bird - chicken Fibroblast

DOSE/DURATION :: 2 mmol/L

REFERENCE :: CELLB5 Cell (Cambridge, Mass.). (MIT Press, 28 Carleton St., Cambridge, MA 02142) V.1- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,855,1977 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AMIHAB AMA Archives of Industrial Health. (Chicago, IL) V.11-21, 1955-60. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,100,1960 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 84458 No. of Facilities: 113 (estimated) No. of Industries: 6 No. of Occupations: 12 No. of Employees: 1747 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 84458 No. of Facilities: 333 (estimated) No. of Industries: 7 No. of Occupations: 27 No. of Employees: 11600 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 3391 (estimated)

正丁酸安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS05, GHS07

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H302-H314

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P260-P280-P301 + P312 + P330-P303 + P361 + P353-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;Goggles;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
F;C

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R34

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S26;S36;S45

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 2820 8/PG 3

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
ES5425000

[ 包装等级 ]:
III

[ 危险类别 ]:
8.0

[ 海关编码 ]:
2915600000

正丁酸合成路线

详细合成路线

正丁酸上下游产品

正丁酸上游产品

正丁酸下游产品

正丁酸制备

1.可由糖的适宜发酵制备，也可将丁醇或丁醛经氧化制备；还可由正丙醇与一氧化碳在一定压力下用四羰基镍和碘化镍催化制得。

2.丁酸天然存在于奶油、香茅、肉豆蔻等，工业上用空气或氧气氧化丁醛制得；或以淀粉或糖为原料，用丁酸菌发酵得产品；也可以正戊醇为原料，用浓硝酸氧化成正丁酸。

精制方法：在250mL丁酸中加5g高锰酸钾蒸馏后再分馏，收集时将开始馏出的1/3弃去。

3.制法：

于装有搅拌器，回流冷凝器，温度计和滴液漏斗的反应瓶中，加入重铬酸钠25g，水100mL，浓硫酸20mL。搅拌下加热至80～85℃。慢慢滴加正丁醇（2）7.5g（0.1mol），控制滴加速度以反应瓶中的白烟不要冒出冷凝器，约20min加完。反应放热，控制反应温度95～100℃。加完后继续反应20min。反应结束时，冷凝器中没有白烟。反应结束后立即进行蒸馏，收集约60～80mL馏出液。馏出液中加入氢氧化钠4g，回流0.5h。冷至室温，用乙醚提取两次以除去未反应的丁醇。水层用硫酸酸化至强酸性。乙醚提取（15mL×3）。合并乙醚层，无水氯化钙干燥。水浴蒸出乙醚，而后蒸馏，收集158～164℃的馏分^①，得无色正丁酸（1）6g，收率68%。注：①前馏分重新蒸馏，可得到少量158～164℃的馏分。^[]

正丁酸海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2915600000

[ 中文概述 ]:
HS:2915600000 丁酸、戊酸及其盐和酯增值税率:17.0% 退税率:9.0% 监管条件:无最惠国关税:5.5% 普通关税:30.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途

[ Summary ]:
2915600000 butanoic acids and pentanoic acids and their salts and esters VAT:17.0% Tax rebate rate:9.0% Supervision conditions:none MFN tariff:5.5% General tariff:30.0%

正丁酸文献

Sensing of triacylglycerol in the gut: different mechanisms for fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerol.

J. Physiol. 593(8) , 2097-109, (2015)

Sensing of dietary triacylglycerol in the proximal small intestine results in physiological, hormonal and behavioural responses. However, the exact physiological pathways linking intestinal fat sensin...

Effect of 1,3-propanediol, organic acids, and ethanol on growth and metabolism of Clostridium butyricum DSP1.

Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 99(7) , 3179-89, (2015)

Knowledge of tolerance of bacteria to toxic stress is important, especially for processes targeted at high final titers of product. Information on environmental limits and stress responses may help du...

Combined effects of nutrients and temperature on the production of fermentative aromas by Saccharomyces cerevisiae during wine fermentation.

Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 99(5) , 2291-304, (2015)

Volatile compounds produced by yeast during fermentation greatly influence the organoleptic qualities of wine. We developed a model to predict the combined effects of initial nitrogen and phytosterol ...

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正丁酸相关知识

正丁酸的作用及用途是什么？

2019-07-07 15:17:23

正丁酸，也称为丁酸(butyric acid) 俗称酪酸。是指含四个碳原子的饱和一元羧酸。是典型的挥发性低级脂肪酸之一。分子式为CH3(CH2)2C00H。沸点为162.5℃，熔点一4.7℃，有难闻的酸臭味。反刍家畜瘤胃微生物对碳水化合物分解的终产物之一。丁酸有合成乳脂中短链脂肪酸的功能，丁酸盐在...

正丁酸