异戊醇

异戊醇用途

【用途一】
用作色谱分析试剂及萃取剂，也用于制药工业等
【用途二】
用于制造香料、医药和选矿药剂，还可用作溶剂
【用途三】
GB 2760一96规定为允许使用的食用香料。主要用以配制苹果和香蕉等型香精。
【用途四】
该品有苹果白兰地香气和辛辣味。我国 GB 2760-86规定为允许使用的食用香料，主要用以配制苹果和香蕉型香精。异戊醇与亚硝酸钠酯化得到亚硝酸异戊酯，是作用最快的亚硝酸酯类短效血管扩张剂。异戊醇也用来合成镇静催眠药溴米那、阿米妥。异戊醇还可作溶剂和化学分析的试剂。也用作生产增塑剂、摄影药品的原料。也是燃料油的组分。
【用途五】
脂肪、树脂、生物碱的溶剂, 测定牛乳中的脂肪, 测定铁、硅、钍及杂醇油等。也用于铁、钴、铜盐和二苯碳酰二肼的络合萃取。氯化锂与其他碱金属氯化物的分离。

异戊醇名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
123-51-3

[ 中文名 ]:
异戊醇

[ 英文名 ]:
3-Methyl-1-butanol

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

3-Methyl-1-butanol
Isopentyl 3-methyl-2-butenoate
Isoamyl senecioate
3-methylbutyl alcohol
3-Methyl-2-butenoic acid,3-methylbutyl ester
3-methyl-1-butyl 3-methyl-2-butenoate
Isoamyl Alcohol
MFCD00002934
3-Methyl-crotonsaeure-isopentylester
Isopentyl Alcohol

异戊醇物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
0.8±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
131.2±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
-117 °C

[ 分子式 ]:
C₅H₁₂O

[ 分子量 ]:
88.148

[ 闪点 ]:
45.6±0.0 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
88.088814

[ PSA ]:
20.23000

[ LogP ]:
1.22

[ 外观性状 ]:
无色液体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
3 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
4.2±0.5 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.405

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂分开存放

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
25 g/L (20 ºC)

异戊醇MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

异戊醇毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: EL5425000

CHEMICAL NAME :: 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 123-51-3

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 43

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C5-H12-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 88.17

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: Q2Y1&1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

REFERENCE :: JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA) V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,282,1943

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

REFERENCE :: 85JCAE "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,196,1986

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

REFERENCE :: 85JCAE "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,196,1986 ** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 150 ppm

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - conjunctive irritation Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

REFERENCE :: JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA) V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,282,1943

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - fatty liver degeneration Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Blood - other changes

REFERENCE :: SAMJAF South African Medical Journal. (Medical Assoc. of South Africa, Secy., P.O. Box 643, Cape Town, S. Africa) V.6- 1932- Volume(issue)/page/year: 43,795,1969

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 813 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 132,214,1928

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 233 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,785,1978

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 7480 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,785,1978

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 234 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 135,330,1962

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 210 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,785,1978

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 3438 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - corneal damage Cardiac - pulse rate Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: IMSUAI Industrial Medicine and Surgery. (Northbrook, IL) V.18-42, 1949-73. For publisher information, see IOHSA5. Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,31,1972

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 3970 uL/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,470,1969

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 1570 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - antipsychotic

REFERENCE :: FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,785,1978 ** TUMORIGENIC DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 27 gm/kg/75W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Blood - leukemia

REFERENCE :: ARGEAR Archiv fuer Geschwulstforschung. (VEB Verlag Volk und Gesundheit Neue Gruenstr. 18, Berlin DDR-1020, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1- 1949- Volume(issue)/page/year: 45,19,1975

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3800 mg/kg/85W-I

REFERENCE :: ARGEAR Archiv fuer Geschwulstforschung. (VEB Verlag Volk und Gesundheit Neue Gruenstr. 18, Berlin DDR-1020, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1- 1949- Volume(issue)/page/year: 45,19,1975 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-STEL 452 mg/m3 (125 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 361 mg/m3 (100 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,139,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3);STEL 125 ppm (450 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 100 ppm (361 mg/m3);STEL 125 ppm (452 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 100 ppm;STEL 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3);STEL 200 ppm (720 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3);STEL 125 ppm JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO ISOAMYL ALCOHOL, primary-air:TWA 100 ppm;STEL 125 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 40380 No. of Facilities: 2530 (estimated) No. of Industries: 16 No. of Occupations: 18 No. of Employees: 24606 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 40380 No. of Facilities: 3803 (estimated) No. of Industries: 43 No. of Occupations: 49 No. of Employees: 65499 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 22006 (estimated)

异戊醇安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS07

[ 信号词 ]:
Warning

[ 危害声明 ]:
H226-H315-H319-H332-H335

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P261-P280-P304 + P340 + P312-P337 + P313-P403 + P235

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xn:Harmful

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R10;R20/22

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S46-S16

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1105 3/PG 3

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
EL5425000

[ 包装等级 ]:
II

[ 危险类别 ]:
3

[ 海关编码 ]:
2905199090

异戊醇合成路线

详细合成路线

异戊醇上下游产品

异戊醇上游产品

异戊醇下游产品

异戊醇制备

1.该品天然以酯的形式存在于草莓；椒样薄荷；香茅；铵叶油及朗姆酒等中。可由发酸法或碳四烯烃经羰基合成而得。将淀粉；糖密的酒精发酵副产杂醇油进行化学处理及精馏分离可得3-甲基-1-丁醇（在杂醇油中占85%）。

2.用发酵法制得的戊醇含有旋光性戊醇和异戊醇。这两种成分的分离，可先制成酸式硫酸酯的钡盐，利用异戊醇的酯盐溶解度小而进行分离。或将异戊醇与浓硫酸在蒸气浴上加热8小时后，分去酸，与碳酸钙一起摇动，重复水蒸气蒸馏进行精制。或用浓氢氧化钾溶液与异戊醇煮沸，稀磷酸溶液洗涤，碳酸钾、无水硫酸铜干燥，分馏。

3.将异戊醇与氢氧化钾溶液一起煮沸，再用稀磷酸洗涤，经干燥、精馏得纯异戊醇。

4.从杂醇油中分离而得。将洗涤剂与杂醇油在混合釜中混合，用空压机鼓泡、搅拌、洗涤、分层后，将洗涤液从混合釜底放出，然后送入蒸馏釜，开始蒸馏。可得净化的原料杂醇油。收取切割温度在120℃以前的馏分即为低碳混合醇；切割温度在120～128℃之间的馏分为含量95%以上的异戊醇；切割128℃以上的馏分为含量99.88%以上的异戊醇。

5.从杂醇油中分离而得。杂醇油是酒精或白酒生产过程中的副产品，其中除含异戊醇外，还有乙醇、正丙醇、异丁醇等。

6.以工业品异戊醇为原料，先用稀盐酸洗涤，再用水洗涤除去盐酸，溶液中的水用无水碳酸钾吸收，过滤后进行精馏，常压下收集131～132℃馏分，即得成品。

7.以酒精或白酒生产过程中的副产品杂醇油为原料，先用化学洗涤剂在通入空气条件下搅拌洗涤，洗去95%以上的杂质、水及有色物质。静置分层后，将下层液体进行蒸馏，收集120～128℃之间的馏分，异戊醇含量在95%以上；收集128℃以上馏，异戊醇含量在99.88%以上。

异戊醇海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2905199090

[ 中文概述 ]:
2905199090. 其他饱和一元醇. 增值税率:17.0%. 退税率:13.0%. 监管条件:无. 最惠国关税:5.5%. 普通关税:30.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途, 包装

[ Summary ]:
2905199090. saturated monohydric alcohols. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:5.5%. General tariff:30.0%

异戊醇文献

Microbial iron mats at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and evidence that Zetaproteobacteria may be restricted to iron-oxidizing marine systems.

PLoS ONE 10(3) , e0119284, (2015)

Chemolithoautotrophic iron-oxidizing bacteria play an essential role in the global iron cycle. Thus far, the majority of marine iron-oxidizing bacteria have been identified as Zetaproteobacteria, a no...

Combined effects of nutrients and temperature on the production of fermentative aromas by Saccharomyces cerevisiae during wine fermentation.

Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 99(5) , 2291-304, (2015)

Volatile compounds produced by yeast during fermentation greatly influence the organoleptic qualities of wine. We developed a model to predict the combined effects of initial nitrogen and phytosterol ...

Cdt2-mediated XPG degradation promotes gap-filling DNA synthesis in nucleotide excision repair.

Cell Cycle 14(7) , 1103-15, (2015)

Xeroderma pigmentosum group G (XPG) protein is a structure-specific repair endonuclease, which cleaves DNA strands on the 3' side of the DNA damage during nucleotide excision repair (NER). XPG also pl...

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异戊醇