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氯化钍

氯化钍用途

用于制造高温陶瓷、原子能燃料、白炽灯、电子管阴极、电弧熔融用电极、光学玻璃。用作耐火材料、催化剂等。

氯化钍名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
1314-20-1

[ 中文名 ]:
氯化钍

[ 英文名 ]:
thorium oxide

[中文别名 ]:

氧化钍

[英文别名 ]:

Umbrathor
EINECS 215-225-1
Thorium anhydride
Thorium oxide
THORIUM DIOXIDE
dioxothorium
MFCD00036277
Thoria
Thorotrast
Thorianite

氯化钍物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
9.86 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
4400ºC

[ 熔点 ]:
3390ºC

[ 分子式 ]:
O₂Th

[ 分子量 ]:
264.03700

[ 精确质量 ]:
264.02800

[ PSA ]:
34.14000

[ 外观性状 ]:
白色,结晶粉末

氯化钍MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

氯化钍毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: XO6950000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Thorium oxide

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 1314-20-1

LAST UPDATED :: 199710

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 25

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: O2-Th

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 264.00

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intratracheal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >1140 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: EQSSDX Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement. (Stuttgart, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-5, 1975-76. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,1,1975 ** TUMORIGENIC DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Parenteral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

REFERENCE :: ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877- Volume(issue)/page/year: 145,700,1967

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 2880 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

REFERENCE :: AJRRAV American Journal of Roentgenology, Radium Therapy and Nuclear Medicine. (Springfield, IL) V.67-125, 1952-75. For publisher information, see AAJRDX. Volume(issue)/page/year: 83,163,1960

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraarterial

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 490 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

REFERENCE :: ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877- Volume(issue)/page/year: 145,776,1967

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 160 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

REFERENCE :: ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877- Volume(issue)/page/year: 145,738,1967

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 20 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

REFERENCE :: JNCIAM Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.1-60, 1940-78. For publisher information, see JJIND8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,349,1940

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 10 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Blood - tumors

REFERENCE :: BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,527,1956

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease Skin and Appendages - tumors

REFERENCE :: CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,152,1962

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 1500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood - tumors Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

REFERENCE :: ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877- Volume(issue)/page/year: 145,724,1967

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Parenteral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 4 gm/kg/15W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

REFERENCE :: AJCAA7 American Journal of Cancer. (New York, NY) V.15-40, 1931-40. For publisher information, see CNREA8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 35,363,1939

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

REFERENCE :: GANNA2 Gann. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. (Tokyo, Japan) V.1-75, 1907-84. For publisher information, see JJCREP. Volume(issue)/page/year: 57,431,1966

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 3600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Blood - tumors

REFERENCE :: PAMIAD Pathologica et Microbiologia. (Basel, Switzerland) V.23-43, 1960-75. For publisher information, see ECEBDI. Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,27,1962

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 300 mg(Th)/kg/2Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Blood - tumors

REFERENCE :: AICCA6 Acta Unio Internationalis Contra Cancrum. (Louvain, Belgium) V.1-20, 1936-64. For publisher information, see IJCNAW. Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,425,1960

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Parenteral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 700 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver - angiosarcoma Blood - tumors

REFERENCE :: ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877- Volume(issue)/page/year: 145,676,1967

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Parenteral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 1260 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver - angiosarcoma Blood - tumors

REFERENCE :: ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877- Volume(issue)/page/year: 145,676,1967

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraarterial

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :: 2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

REFERENCE :: ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877- Volume(issue)/page/year: 145,776,1967

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 10 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Liver - tumors

REFERENCE :: BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,253,1955

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Parenteral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :: 2350 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors

REFERENCE :: EUURAV European Urology. (S. Karger Pub., Inc., 79 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1975- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,69,1977

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraarterial

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 1190 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease

REFERENCE :: APMIAL Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica. (Copenhagen, Denmark) V.1-77, 1924-69. For publisher information, see ACPADQ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 53,147,1961

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraarterial

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 1302 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Liver - angiosarcoma

REFERENCE :: BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,446,1980 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X2987 No. of Facilities: 146 (estimated) No. of Industries: 14 No. of Occupations: 9 No. of Employees: 2274 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 266 (estimated)

氯化钍安全信息

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
T,R

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
45-23/24/25-33

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
53-36/37/39-45

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 2910 7

[ RTECS号 ]:
XO6950000

氯化钍制备

1.将工业品硝酸钍溶液与草酸溶液混合，生成草酸钍沉淀。待反应完全后，静置过滤，用蒸馏水洗涤测定至合格，干燥。干燥后的草酸钍晶体，于650-800ºC灼烧。即可制得氧化钍。草酸法以硝酸钍溶液为原料与草酸反应生成草酸钍沉淀，再经过滤、洗涤、干燥，在650-800ºC下灼烧，制得二氧化钍产品。 2.以核纯级的硝酸钍Th(NO3)4·5H2O和分析纯级的氨基乙酸NH2CH2COOH作为原料，在少量的去离子水中按所要求的摩尔比混合，得到一溶液，将此溶液在(80±5)℃的电热板上加热脱水，呈黏稠状时，立即升温至约200℃，液体溶胀，并伴随着大量由不同燃料-氧化剂比组成的气体的释放而自燃。

氧化剂-燃料［Th(NO)3—NH2CH2COOH］比率为1∶2.22，按这个比率，燃烧后得到一浅灰色的带有碳杂质的氧化钍粉末。若用1∶1.2这个比率，即燃料氨基乙酸不足时，可得到大量白色的晶型很好的氧化钍(注意，比率不能小于1∶1.2，否则不能自燃)，另外采用燃料不足的比率时，比较安全，因为它反应不那么剧烈。将所得到的产品在烧结之前要在500℃温度下焙烧4h，可得到较纯的氧化钍。

若将氯化物、硝酸盐或硫酸盐等用过热蒸汽加热至800℃进行热分解时，可制得活性氧化钍粉末［189］。在氧分压较低时加热高温分解，氧化物就会部分失去氧而变黑，但是由于二氧化钍的非整比组成的范围在1000℃以下很窄，所以在空气中于800～850℃下加热分解所制得的氧化钍基本都是定比组成的。

氯化钍