毒理学数据:
放射性物质主要通过呼吸空气、饮水、食物和皮肤伤口进入体内造成内照射。生产场所空气中铀、钍、镭粉尘,通过呼吸道进入人体,还可通过消化道或破损的皮肤进入人体,造成对人体的内照射。 铀、钍粉尘最大容许浓度0.02mg/m3,可溶性天然铀日吸入量<2.5 mg。
大鼠静脉注射LD50:1000 mg/kg。
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
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RTECS NUMBER :
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XO6950000
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CHEMICAL NAME :
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Thorium oxide
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
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1314-20-1
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LAST UPDATED :
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199710
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DATA ITEMS CITED :
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25
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MOLECULAR FORMULA :
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O2-Th
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
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264.00
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
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TYPE OF TEST :
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LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Intratracheal
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - rat
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DOSE/DURATION :
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>1140 mg/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
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REFERENCE :
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EQSSDX Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement. (Stuttgart, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-5, 1975-76. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,1,1975 ** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Parenteral
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Human - woman
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DOSE/DURATION :
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1 gm/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors
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REFERENCE :
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ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877- Volume(issue)/page/year: 145,700,1967
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Unreported
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Human
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DOSE/DURATION :
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2880 mg/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors
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REFERENCE :
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AJRRAV American Journal of Roentgenology, Radium Therapy and Nuclear Medicine. (Springfield, IL) V.67-125, 1952-75. For publisher information, see AAJRDX. Volume(issue)/page/year: 83,163,1960
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Intraarterial
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Human
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DOSE/DURATION :
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490 mg/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
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REFERENCE :
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ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877- Volume(issue)/page/year: 145,776,1967
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Intravenous
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - rat
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DOSE/DURATION :
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160 mg/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors
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REFERENCE :
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ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877- Volume(issue)/page/year: 145,738,1967
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Subcutaneous
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - mouse
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DOSE/DURATION :
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20 gm/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
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REFERENCE :
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JNCIAM Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.1-60, 1940-78. For publisher information, see JJIND8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,349,1940
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Intravenous
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - mouse
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DOSE/DURATION :
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10 gm/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Blood - tumors
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REFERENCE :
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BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,527,1956
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Intramuscular
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - mouse
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DOSE/DURATION :
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400 mg/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease Skin and Appendages - tumors
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REFERENCE :
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CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,152,1962
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Intravenous
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - rabbit
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DOSE/DURATION :
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1500 mg/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood - tumors Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
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REFERENCE :
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ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877- Volume(issue)/page/year: 145,724,1967
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Parenteral
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - guinea pig
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DOSE/DURATION :
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4 gm/kg/15W-I
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
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REFERENCE :
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AJCAA7 American Journal of Cancer. (New York, NY) V.15-40, 1931-40. For publisher information, see CNREA8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 35,363,1939
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Unreported
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - hamster
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DOSE/DURATION :
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2 gm/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
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REFERENCE :
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GANNA2 Gann. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. (Tokyo, Japan) V.1-75, 1907-84. For publisher information, see JJCREP. Volume(issue)/page/year: 57,431,1966
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Intravenous
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - rabbit
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DOSE/DURATION :
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3600 mg/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Blood - tumors
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REFERENCE :
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PAMIAD Pathologica et Microbiologia. (Basel, Switzerland) V.23-43, 1960-75. For publisher information, see ECEBDI. Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,27,1962
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Intravenous
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - rabbit
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DOSE/DURATION :
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300 mg(Th)/kg/2Y-I
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Blood - tumors
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REFERENCE :
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AICCA6 Acta Unio Internationalis Contra Cancrum. (Louvain, Belgium) V.1-20, 1936-64. For publisher information, see IJCNAW. Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,425,1960
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Parenteral
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Human
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DOSE/DURATION :
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700 mg/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver - angiosarcoma Blood - tumors
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REFERENCE :
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ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877- Volume(issue)/page/year: 145,676,1967
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Parenteral
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Human
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DOSE/DURATION :
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1260 mg/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver - angiosarcoma Blood - tumors
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REFERENCE :
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ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877- Volume(issue)/page/year: 145,676,1967
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Intraarterial
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Human - woman
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DOSE/DURATION :
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2 gm/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
-
REFERENCE :
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ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. (New York Academy of Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1877- Volume(issue)/page/year: 145,776,1967
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Intravenous
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Rodent - mouse
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DOSE/DURATION :
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10 mg/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Liver - tumors
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REFERENCE :
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BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,253,1955
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TYPE OF TEST :
-
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Parenteral
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Human - woman
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DOSE/DURATION :
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2350 mg/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors
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REFERENCE :
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EUURAV European Urology. (S. Karger Pub., Inc., 79 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1975- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,69,1977
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Intraarterial
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Human - man
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DOSE/DURATION :
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1190 mg/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease
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REFERENCE :
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APMIAL Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica. (Copenhagen, Denmark) V.1-77, 1924-69. For publisher information, see ACPADQ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 53,147,1961
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TYPE OF TEST :
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TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Intraarterial
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SPECIES OBSERVED :
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Human
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DOSE/DURATION :
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1302 mg/kg
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TOXIC EFFECTS :
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Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Liver - angiosarcoma
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REFERENCE :
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BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,446,1980 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X2987 No. of Facilities: 146 (estimated) No. of Industries: 14 No. of Occupations: 9 No. of Employees: 2274 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 266 (estimated)
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