正庚烷

正庚烷用途

【用途一】
主要用作测定辛烷值的标准物，还可作麻醉剂、溶剂及有机合成的原料
【用途二】
用作分析试剂及溶剂
【用途三】
萃取溶剂。
【用途四】
用作分析试剂，汽油机爆震试验标准，色谱分析参比物质，溶剂。该品能刺激呼吸道，高浓度时有麻醉作用。易燃，在空气中形成爆炸混合物的极限浓度为1.0-6.0%（体积）。
【用途五】
生化研究，蛋白质顺序分析。测定臭氧、三甘油脂。农药残毒分析。光谱、荧光分析。测定汽油抗爆性能的标准燃料。

正庚烷名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
142-82-5

[ 中文名 ]:
庚烷

[ 英文名 ]:
Heptane

[中文别名 ]:

正庚烷

[英文别名 ]:

1-HEPTANE
EINECS 205-563-8
n-heptane
ethyl-pentane
n-C7H16
Heptane
Eptani
anhydrous n-heptane
Heptan
ALKANE C7

正庚烷物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
0.683

[ 沸点 ]:
98.8±3.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
−91 °C(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
C₇H₁₆

[ 分子量 ]:
100.202

[ 闪点 ]:
-1.1±0.0 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
100.125198

[ LogP ]:
4.47

[ 外观性状 ]:
无色液体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
3.5 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
45.2±0.1 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.394

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、酸类分开存放

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, chlorine, phosphorus. Highly flammable. Readily forms explosive mixtures with air.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
practically insoluble

正庚烷MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

正庚烷毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: MI7700000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Heptane

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 142-82-5

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 42

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C7-H16

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 100.23

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: 7H

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 1000 ppm/6M

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions

REFERENCE :: BMRII* "U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation No. 2979," Patty, F.A., and W.P. Yant, 1929 Volume(issue)/page/year: 2979,-,1929

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 103 gm/m3/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI Volume(issue)/page/year: 32(10),23,1988

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 59 gm/m3/41M

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

REFERENCE :: BIZEA2 Biochemische Zeitschrift. (Berlin, Ger.) V.1-346, 1906-67. For publisher information, see EJBCAI. Volume(issue)/page/year: 115,235,1921

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 222 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JPMSAE Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. (American Pharmaceutical Assoc., 2215 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20037) V.50- 1961- Volume(issue)/page/year: 67,566,1978 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 60 gm/kg/3W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight

REFERENCE :: NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: OTS0571116

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 260 gm/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Endocrine - hypoglycemia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

REFERENCE :: NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: OTS0571116

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 4000 ppm/6H/28D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - recordings from specific areas of CNS Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - changes in cochlear structure or function Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

REFERENCE :: PHTOEH Pharmacology and Toxicology (Copenhagen). (Munksgaard International Pub., POB 2148, DK-1016 Copenhagen K, Denmark) V.60- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year: 76,41,1995

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 9625 mg/kg/7D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - other changes Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - multiple enzyme effects

REFERENCE :: TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,169,1982

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 8840 mg/kg/45D-I

REFERENCE :: JJATDK JAT, Journal of Applied Toxicology. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester, W. Sussex PO19 1UD, UK) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,81,1988 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-STEL 2050 mg/m3 (500 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 1640 mg/m3 (400 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 500 ppm (2000 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,124,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 500 ppm (2000 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 500 ppm (2000 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 500 ppm (2000 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 500 ppm (2000 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 400 ppm (1600 mg/m3);STEL 500 ppm (2000 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 400 ppm (1640 mg/m3);STEL 500 ppm (2050 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 400 ppm (1600 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 300 ppm (1200 mg/m3);STEL 500 ppm (2000 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 400 ppm (1600 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 500 ppm (2000 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 200 ppm (820 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 400 ppm (1600 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 500 ppm (2000 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 200 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 200 ppm JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 200 ppm (800 mg/m3);STEL 300 ppm (1250 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 400 ppm (1600 mg/m3);STEL 800 ppm JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 500 ppm (2000 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 400 ppm (1600 mg/m3);STEL 500 ppm JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO HEPTANE-air:10H TWA 85 ppm;CL 440 ppm/15M REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 36060 No. of Facilities: 20154 (estimated) No. of Industries: 153 No. of Occupations: 110 No. of Employees: 221101 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 36060 No. of Facilities: 37852 (estimated) No. of Industries: 191 No. of Occupations: 134 No. of Employees: 449487 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 44550 (estimated)

正庚烷安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS07, GHS08, GHS09

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H225-H304-H315-H336-H410

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P261-P273-P301 + P310-P331-P501

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
F:Flammable

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R11;R38;R50/53;R65;R67

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S9-S16-S29-S33-S60-S61-S62-S23

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1206 3/PG 2

[ WGK德国 ]:
3

[ RTECS号 ]:
MI7700000

[ 包装等级 ]:
II

[ 危险类别 ]:
3

[ 海关编码 ]:
2901100000

正庚烷合成路线

详细合成路线

正庚烷上下游产品

正庚烷上游产品

正庚烷下游产品

正庚烷制备

1.铂重整抽余油（93-102℃）馏分中正庚烷含量达57%以上，用5A分子筛气相吸附基中的正构烷烃，然后用蒸汽脱附，分离得到正构烷烃。经镍催化加氢，使其中少量正构烯烃饱和转化为正构烷烃，碘值降至0.1g碘/100g以下为合格。最后经精馏而得纯度达99.9%的标准正庚烷。工业级正庚烷提纯也可采用浓硫酸洗涤、甲醇共沸馏等方法。

2.石油的碳氢馏分。可含有正庚烷、二甲基环戊烷、3-乙基戊烷、甲基环己烷和3-甲基环已烷。

3.精制方法庚烷中除含沸点相近的烷烃、环烷烃化合物外，尚含有不饱和化合物、水分和苯。苯的除去方法与己烷相同。不饱和烃用浓硫酸洗涤除去，除去水分可用氯化钙、五氧化二磷、金属钠和钾等，也可用分子筛作固体干燥剂。最后再分馏精制。

4.将工业级正庚烷采用浓硫酸洗涤、甲醇共沸蒸馏等方法提纯即可。

5.制法：

于装有搅拌器、回流冷凝器、通气导管(伸入瓶底)的反应瓶中，加入锌-汞齐100g(1.53mol),250mL浓盐酸、50mL水，搅拌下加入40g(0.35mol)庚酮-4(2),慢慢通入氯化氢气体。若反应过于剧烈，可暂停通氯化氢气体。2-3h后锌-汞齐大部分反应完，停止通氯化氢，放置过夜。撤去搅拌器等，改为水蒸汽蒸馏装置，进行水蒸气蒸馏，直至镏出液透明为止。分出上层油层，用蒸馏水洗涤二次，无水硫酸钠干燥后分镏，收集97-99℃的馏分，得到庚烷^①(1)26g,收率74%。注：①大部分的Clemmensen还原反应的产物中含有少量的不饱和烃。加入约10%体积的浓硫酸并充分摇动，直至酸层无色或仅有很浅的黄色，分出酸层，依次用10%的饱和碳酸钠、水洗涤，无水硫酸镁或无水钠干燥，而后分馏(或减压分镏)，可得到高纯度的烷烃。

正庚烷海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2901100000

[ 中文概述 ]:
2901100000 饱和无环烃。监管条件:无。增值税率:17.0%。退税率:9.0%。最惠国关税:2.0%。普通关税:30.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途, 用作气体燃料的应报明包装容器容积, 散装货物应报明

[ Summary ]:
2901100000 saturated acyclic hydrocarbons。Supervision conditions:None。VAT:17.0%。Tax rebate rate:9.0%。MFN tariff:2.0%。General tariff:30.0%

正庚烷文献

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Int. J. Pharm. 475(1-2) , 351-63, (2014)

Influence of surface modification on wettability and surface energy characteristics of three micron size pharmaceutical excipient powders was studied using hydrophilic and hydrophobic grades of nano-s...

Stratification of risk of death in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis using a panel of adipokines and cytokines.

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Dysregulated adipose tissue metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease in murine models. We aimed to characterize serum markers of adipose tissue metabolism and infl...

Cardiovascular disease-related parameters and oxidative stress in SHROB rats, a model for metabolic syndrome.

PLoS ONE 9(8) , e104637, (2014)

SHROB rats have been suggested as a model for metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a situation prior to the onset of CVD or type-2 diabetes, but information on descriptive biochemical parameters for this mode...

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正庚烷