异辛烷

异辛烷用途

【用途一】
是测定汽油辛烷值(抗震性)的标准燃料，主要用作汽油、航空汽油等的添加剂，以及有机合成中的非极性惰性溶剂
【用途二】
用作分析试剂及溶剂
【用途三】
异辛烷是测验定汽油抗爆性能的标准物质。异辛烷和庚烷的辛烷值分别规定为100和0。汽油样品在单缸发动机内，在规定的测验试条件下，其抗爆性能如相当于某一组成的异辛烷-庚烷混合物，则样品的辛烷值等于标准燃料中异异烷的体积百分数。抗爆性能好的汽油辛烷值高。

异辛烷名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
540-84-1

[ 中文名 ]:
2,2,4-三甲基戊烷

[ 英文名 ]:
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

2,4,4-Trimethylpentane
EINECS 208-759-1
Isobutyltrimethylmethane
Pentane, 2,2,4-trimethyl-
trimethyl isobutyl methane
iso-octane
Isooctane
MFCD00008943
ASTM D-471 fuel A
Pentane,2,2,4-trimethyl

异辛烷物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
0.7±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
98.8±7.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
-107 °C

[ 分子式 ]:
C₈H₁₈

[ 分子量 ]:
114.229

[ 闪点 ]:
-7.8±0.0 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
114.140854

[ LogP ]:
4.46

[ 外观性状 ]:
无色液体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
3.9 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
45.2±0.1 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.400

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、酸类分开存放

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Highly flammable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, reducing agents.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
INSOLUBLE

[ 凝固点 ]:
-107.52℃

异辛烷MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

异辛烷毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: SA3320000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Pentane, 2,2,4-trimethyl-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 540-84-1

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 1696876

LAST UPDATED :: 199710

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 11

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C8-H18

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 114.26

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: 1Y1&1X1&1&1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 10 gm/kg/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 8 mL/kg/2W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2100 mg/kg/21D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

TYPE OF TEST :: Unscheduled DNA synthesis

MUTATION DATA

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/kg

REFERENCE :: TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 85,11,1986 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 81210 No. of Facilities: 663 (estimated) No. of Industries: 14 No. of Occupations: 18 No. of Employees: 31908 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 81210 No. of Facilities: 290 (estimated) No. of Industries: 7 No. of Occupations: 6 No. of Employees: 7206 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 2337 (estimated)

异辛烷安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS07, GHS08, GHS09

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H225-H304-H315-H336-H410

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P261-P273-P301 + P310-P331-P501

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
F:Flammable;Xn:Harmful;N:Dangerousfortheenvironment;

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R11;R38;R50/53;R65;R67

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S9-S16-S29-S33-S60-S61-S62

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1262 3/PG 2

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
SA3320000

[ 包装等级 ]:
II

[ 危险类别 ]:
3

异辛烷合成路线

详细合成路线

异辛烷上下游产品

异辛烷上游产品

异辛烷下游产品

异辛烷制备

1.由石油炼制得到，也可用合成方法制取。如异丁烷与异丁烯在无水氟化氢存在下反应而得。以264抗氧剂的副产物和异丁烯聚合物为原料，经蒸馏、加氢也可制得异辛烷。

2.精制方法通过硅胶柱分离烯烃，再蒸馏精制。

3.由石油炼制得到。或者通过异丁烷与异丁烯在无水氟化氢存在下合成制得。

异辛烷文献

Serum PCB levels in a representative sample of the Spanish adult population: the BIOAMBIENT.ES project.

Sci. Total Environ. 493 , 834-44, (2014)

This manuscript presents the levels of six indicator polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners (IUPAC nos. 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180) in the serum of 1880 individuals from a representative sample o...

Polypropylene membrane coated with carbon nanotubes functionalized with chitosan: Application in the microextraction of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers from environmental water samples.

J. Chromatogr. A. 1408 , 56-62, (2015)

Acid oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) functionalized with chitosan were coated on polypropylene membrane and used as sorbent to extract trace polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrom...

Optimization of supercritical fluid consecutive extractions of fatty acids and polyphenols from Vitis vinifera grape wastes.

J. Food Sci. 80(1) , E101-7, (2015)

In this study, supercritical fluid extraction has been successfully applied to a sequential fractionation of fatty acids and polyphenols from wine wastes (2 different vitis vinifera grapes). To this a...

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异辛烷