异戊烷

异戊烷用途

【用途一】
可用作聚乙烯生产中催化剂的溶剂、可发性聚苯乙烯的发泡剂、聚氨酯泡沫体系的发泡剂、脱沥青溶剂等
【用途二】
作溶剂使用时和戊烷、已烷、庚烷等的作用相同，溶解能力较戊烷稍差。该品辛烷值高，可用作汽车、飞机燃料。
【用途三】
用于色谱分析标准物质，有机合成，也作溶剂

异戊烷名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
78-78-4

[ 中文名 ]:
异戊烷

[ 英文名 ]:
isopentane

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

Isopentan
iso-C5H12
JJDW
MFCD00009338
ISOPROPENTANE
methylbutane
2-methyl-butane
iso-pentane
Isoamylhydride
2-Methylbutane

异戊烷物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
0.62 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)

[ 沸点 ]:
30 °C(lit.)

[ 熔点 ]:
-160 °C

[ 分子式 ]:
C₅H₁₂

[ 分子量 ]:
72.14880

[ 闪点 ]:
−51 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
72.09390

[ LogP ]:
2.05240

[ 外观性状 ]:
无色液体带有一种特有的气味

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
2.6 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
11.17 psi ( 20 °C)

[ 折射率 ]:
n20/D 1.354(lit.)

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、酸类分开存放

[ 水溶解性 ]:
水溶性：不溶；混溶：乙醚,醇

异戊烷MSDS

异戊烷毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: EK4430000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Butane, 2-methyl-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 78-78-4

LAST UPDATED :: 199710

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 10

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C5-H12

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 72.17

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: 2Y1&1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 419 gm/m3/2H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - excitement

REFERENCE :: JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,74,1936 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 10 gm/kg/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :: TIHEEC Toxicology and Industrial Health. (Princeton Scientific Pub. Co., POB 2155, Princeton, NJ 08540) V.1- 1985- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1(3),67,1985 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-DENMARK:TWA 500 ppm (1500 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 54246 No. of Facilities: 197 (estimated) No. of Industries: 6 No. of Occupations: 9 No. of Employees: 21748 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 54246 No. of Facilities: 132 (estimated) No. of Industries: 5 No. of Occupations: 13 No. of Employees: 6605 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 1247 (estimated)

异戊烷安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS07, GHS08, GHS09

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H224-H304-H336-H411

[ 补充危害声明 ]:
Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking.

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P261-P273-P301 + P310-P331

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US)

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xn:Harmful

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R12;R51/53;R65;R66;R67

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S9-S16-S29-S33-S61-S62

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1265 3/PG 1

[ WGK德国 ]:
2

[ RTECS号 ]:
EK4430000

[ 包装等级 ]:
I

[ 危险类别 ]:
3

[ 海关编码 ]:
2901100000

异戊烷合成路线

异戊烷上下游产品

异戊烷上游产品

异戊烷下游产品

异戊烷制备

1.由石油裂解产物或铂重整的油中分离得到。工业级2-甲基丁烷含的杂质是沸点相近的烷经、环烷经、不饱和烃及水分。不饱和烃用浓硫酸洗涤除去；水分用无水氯化钙、五氧化二磷或金属钠等脱水剂除去，也可采用分子筛脱水；最后再分馏精制，馏出液用高温活化的硅胶吸附柱除去微量的直链烃杂质。以戊烷为原料，在95℃液相催化异构化，可得到2-甲基丁烷。

2.将叔戊醇脱水，得2-甲基-1-丁烯、2-甲基-2-丁烯及3-甲基1-丁烯的混合物，经加氢处理制得粗异戊烷，再经精馏得到高纯异戊烷。也可采用天然气凝析油为原料，经加压精馏分离除掉C2、C3、C4、正戊烷馏分，制取高纯异戊烷。

3.以工业品异戊烷为原料，在强烈搅拌下，用浓硫酸洗涤数次至酸层无色，静置分去酸层后，依次进行水洗、5%氢氧化钠碱洗、水洗，静置分去水层后，加入无水氯化钙干燥。吸出上层清液，蒸馏。馏出液通过事先活化过的硅吸附柱，除去微量直链烃，即得纯品。

于常压氢化反应瓶(置于磁力搅拌器上的冰浴中)中，加入Adam’s氧化铂100mg，2-甲基-2-丁烯(2)9.8（0.14mol），用氮气置换空气，重复两次后，再用氢气置换氮气。撤去冷浴，开动磁力搅拌器，进行常压氢化，直至约吸收3L氢气为止。将反应物冷却，将反应瓶中的液体转移至蒸馏瓶中，蒸馏(冷凝器中通入冰水，接受瓶置于冰浴中)，收集30℃的馏分，得2-甲基丁烷(1)7g，收率70%。

异戊烷海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2901100000

[ 中文概述 ]:
2901100000 饱和无环烃。监管条件:无。增值税率:17.0%。退税率:9.0%。最惠国关税:2.0%。普通关税:30.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途, 用作气体燃料的应报明包装容器容积, 散装货物应报明

[ Summary ]:
2901100000 saturated acyclic hydrocarbons。Supervision conditions:None。VAT:17.0%。Tax rebate rate:9.0%。MFN tariff:2.0%。General tariff:30.0%

异戊烷文献

Appetitive cue-evoked ERK signaling in the nucleus accumbens requires NMDA and D1 dopamine receptor activation and regulates CREB phosphorylation.

Learn. Mem. 21(11) , 606-15, (2014)

Conditioned stimuli (CS) can modulate reward-seeking behavior. This modulatory effect can be maladaptive and has been implicated in excessive reward seeking and relapse to drug addiction. We previousl...

Ca(2+) permeation and/or binding to CaV1.1 fine-tunes skeletal muscle Ca(2+) signaling to sustain muscle function.

Skelet. Muscle 5 , 4, (2015)

Ca(2+) influx through CaV1.1 is not required for skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling, but whether Ca(2+) permeation through CaV1.1 during sustained muscle activity plays a functional role ...

Increasing mitochondrial muscle fatty acid oxidation induces skeletal muscle remodeling toward an oxidative phenotype.

FASEB J. 29 , 2473-83, (2015)

Adult skeletal muscle is a dynamic, remarkably plastic tissue, which allows myofibers to switch from fast/glycolytic to slow/oxidative types and to increase mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (mFAO) c...

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异戊烷