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罗他霉素

罗他霉素用途

大环内酯类抗菌素，对革兰阳性菌、厌氧菌和支原体属等均有较强的抗崔活性。用于敏感菌所引起的各种感染，如肺炎、支原体性肺炎、外耳炎、中马炎、牙周炎、副鼻窦炎、皮下脓肿、汗腺炎、喉炎、急性支气管炎、扁桃体炎疖子、丹毒等。

罗他霉素名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
74014-51-0

[ 中文名 ]:
罗他霉素

[ 英文名 ]:
RICAMYCIN

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

Leucomycin V,4B-butanoate 3B-propanoate (9CI)
Leummycin V 4B-bu-tanoate 3 B-propanoate
T'urimyein H4
Rikamycin
3''-O-propionyl leucomycin A5
Ricamycin
TMS 19Q
M-19-Q
3''-Propionylleucomycin A5
Rokital

罗他霉素物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.21 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
879.3ºC at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
116°

[ 分子式 ]:
C₄₂H₆₉NO₁₅

[ 分子量 ]:
827.99500

[ 闪点 ]:
485.6ºC

[ 精确质量 ]:
827.46700

[ PSA ]:
206.05000

[ LogP ]:
3.15750

[ 折射率 ]:
1.535

罗他霉素毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: OH4726300

CHEMICAL NAME :: Leucomycin V, 4(sup B)-butanoate 3(Sup B)-propanoate

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 74014-51-0

LAST UPDATED :: 199612

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 9

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C42-H69-N-O15

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 828.12

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >4 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32(Suppl 6),138,1984

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >4 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32(Suppl 6),138,1984

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >4 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32(Suppl 6),138,1984

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >5 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JANTAJ Journal of Antibiotics. (Japan Antibiotics Research Assoc., 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141, Japan) V.2-5, 1948-52; V.21- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 34,1001,1981

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >4 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32(Suppl 6),138,1984

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >4 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32(Suppl 6),138,1984

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: >360 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

REFERENCE :: NKRZAZ Chemotherapy (Tokyo). (Nippon Kagaku Ryoho Gakkai, 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32(Suppl 6),138,1984 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 65520 mg/kg/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

REFERENCE :: JJANAX Japanese Journal of Antibiotics. (Japan Antibiotics Research Assoc., 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.21- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,561,1987 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 3900 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

REFERENCE :: JJANAX Japanese Journal of Antibiotics. (Japan Antibiotics Research Assoc., 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.21- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,602,1987

罗他霉素制备

以吉他霉素氏为原料。
10g吉他霉素A5溶于50ml干燥1，2-二氯乙烷和4.2ml乙酸酐，在室温下搅拌0.5h。将反应液加到200ml冰水中，用7%氨水调至Ph=10，再用50ml 1，2-二氯乙烷提取。提取液用无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩得．10g 2’-O-乙酰吉他霉素A5(I)粗品，收率94.8%。
10g2’-O-乙酰吉他霉素A5(I)溶于50ml干燥的二氯乙烷中，加入10g三苄基胺和6.6ml三甲基氯硅烷，在5～10℃下搅拌15h。然后把反应液倾入200rnl水中，用7%氨水调至Ph=9.5后，用1，2-二氯乙烷提取。提取液水洗后，用无水硫酸镁干燥。减压蒸去溶剂，得12.7g 2’-O-乙酰-3，9-二-O-三甲基硅吉他霉素A5(Ⅱ)粗品，收率96.1%。
将上述(Ⅱ)的粗品溶于50ml干燥1，2-二氯乙烷，加入31g三苄胺，然后在冰浴冷却和搅拌下，滴加11.25ml丙酰氯，在75℃下搅拌20h。反应液倾入200ml水中，用氨水调至Ph值为9.5后，用100ml 1，2-二氯乙烷提取。提取液经无水硫酸镁干燥后，减压蒸去溶剂，得2’-O-乙酰-17，18-烯醇-18，3’’-二-O-丙酰-3，9-二-O-三甲基硅吉他霉素A5(Ⅲ)和小量的2’-O-乙酰-3”-O-丙酰-3，9-二-O-三甲基硅吉他霉素A5(Ⅳ)及大量三苄胺的混合物。无需分离，加入495ml甲醇和55ml 8％碳酸钾水溶液，在室温下搅拌1h，得含2’-O-乙酰-3”-O-丙酰-吉他霉素A5(V)的溶液。用乙酸调至Ph=7.5，回流20h，然后减压浓缩。剩余物溶于1，2-二氯乙烷，用3%氨水洗1次，再水洗2次，然后减压浓缩。剩余物溶于冷甲醇，过滤除去不溶的三苄胺。滤液减压浓缩，得10.4g罗他霉素粗品，收率94.7%。将粗品溶于少量苯中，用硅胶进行柱层析(1.5crn×60cm)，洗脱液为苯-乙酸乙酯-甲醇(36：4：1，体积比)，收集Rf=0.57附近的各部分洗脱液，合并减压蒸干，即得7.5g纯罗他霉素精品，熔点约116℃。总收率70%。