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氯化钾

氯化钾用途

氯化钾,AR,99.5%被广泛用作钾补充剂。氯化钾,AR,99.5%是一种容易获得的钾肥[1]。

氯化钾名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
7447-40-7

[ 中文名 ]:
氯化钾

[ 英文名 ]:
potassium chloride

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

potassium,chloride
Potassium chloride
EINECS 231-211-8
MFCD00163147

氯化钾生物活性

[ 描述 ]:

氯化钾,AR,99.5%被广泛用作钾补充剂。氯化钾,AR,99.5%是一种容易获得的钾肥[1]。

[ 相关类别 ]:

研究领域 >> 其他

信号通路 >> 其他 >> 其他

[参考文献]

[1]. Fujimura S, et al. The inhibitory effects of potassium chloride versus potassium silicate application on (137)Cs uptake by rice. J Environ Radioact. 2016;153:188-194.

[2]. Saxena K. Clinical features and management of poisoning due to potassium chloride. Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp. 1989;4(6):429-443.

氯化钾物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.98 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)

[ 沸点 ]:
1420°C

[ 熔点 ]:
770 °C(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
ClK

[ 分子量 ]:
74.551

[ 闪点 ]:
1500°C

[ 精确质量 ]:
73.932564

[ 外观性状 ]:
白色晶体

[ 折射率 ]:
n20/D 1.334

[ 储存条件 ]:
2-8°C

[ 水溶解性 ]:
340 g/L (20 ºC)

氯化钾MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

氯化钾毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: TS8050000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Potassium chloride

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 7447-40-7

LAST UPDATED :: 199710

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 33

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: Cl-K

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 74.55

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: KA G

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - infant

DOSE/DURATION :: 938 mg/kg/2D

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in potassium

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :: 60 mg/kg/D

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting Blood - change in clotting factors

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 20 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Cardiac - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction) Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting Blood - change in clotting factors

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 660 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 142 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 620 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 117 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 2500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral - coma Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 900 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral - coma Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 2550 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 77 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Parenteral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 40 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraarterial

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 130 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - pigeon

DOSE/DURATION :: 2210 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :: 2120 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: Unscheduled DNA synthesis

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Ovary

DOSE/DURATION :: 180 mmol/L

REFERENCE :: MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 189,15,1987 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW INTEAG Internist. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,7,1974 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 60360 No. of Facilities: 14471 (estimated) No. of Industries: 97 No. of Occupations: 88 No. of Employees: 122749 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 60360 No. of Facilities: 16061 (estimated) No. of Industries: 147 No. of Occupations: 125 No. of Employees: 387624 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 175287 (estimated)

氯化钾安全信息

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xi:Irritant

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R36

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S24/25-S39-S26-S22-S23

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
TS8050000

[ 包装等级 ]:
II

[ 危险类别 ]:
5.1

[ 海关编码 ]:
3104209000

氯化钾制备

1. 重结晶法将工业氯化钾加入盛有蒸馏水的溶解槽中进行溶解，再加人脱色剂、除砷剂、除重金属剂进行溶液提纯，经沉淀，过滤，冷却结晶，固液分离，干燥，制得食用氯化钾成品。

2. 以氯化镁和氯化钾为主要成分的岩盐光卤石(carnolite)粉碎，与75%的水混合，通入过热蒸汽，冷却后析出氯化钾。此粗晶体经水洗，重结晶精制而得。
从海水析出氯化钠后的母液，经浓缩、结晶、精制而得。

3. 浮选法将钾石盐矿(或砂晶盐)先经破碎、球磨机粉碎后，边搅拌边加入1%十八胺浮选剂，同时加入2%纤维素进行浮选，再经离心分离，制得氯化钾成品。
分解一浮选联合法将光卤石先经筛分，粗品再经粉碎后，加入水、母液和浮选剂进行分解，再经粗选、精选、过滤、洗涤、离心分离、干燥，制得氯化钾成品。
兑卤法首先将苦卤与老卤(浓稠卤)按一定比例掺兑，静置，待苦卤充分析出后得到混合卤，再将混合卤蒸发浓缩后放人保温沉降器，使高低温盐沉降后得到澄清液，再经冷却结晶、离心分离，得到光卤石。将光卤石加水分解得到粗氯化钾，经离心分离、水洗涤，再经离心分离、干燥，制得氯化钾成品。

4. 兑卤法
将海水析出氯化钠后的苦卤和老卤(析出氯化钾镁复盐后的母液)按一定的比例掺兑，使混合卤中硫酸镁和氯化镁的摩尔比在0.11以下，氯化镁与氯化钾的比值在11左右，在兑卤槽中充分析出苦盐(含氯化钠90%、氯化镁2%、硫酸镁1%和氯化钾0.4%)并除去。将混合卤蒸发浓缩至128℃后放入保温沉降器，在124℃下析出高温盐(含氯化钠40%、氯化镁14%、硫酸镁13%和氯化钾1%)，在85～90℃下析出低温盐(含氯化钠20%、氯化17%、硫酸镁22%和氯化钾1.3%)。分离后，滤液经冷却析出氯化钾镁复盐即人造光卤石，分离光卤石后的母液为老卤。光卤石加水分解，使氯化镁溶解，得粗氯化钾；后者经水洗、重结晶得成品。
作为医药或食品用氯化钾，还需将上述产品溶于水，过滤后通入氯气至饱和。煮沸除去过量的氯，再通入氯化氢使氯化钾析出。分离后用水洗涤后再溶于水，过滤、冷却至-5℃左右得结晶，并在100～120℃下干燥得成品。
光卤石浮选法
光卤石主要成分为氯化钾，用水及浮选剂进行粗选、精选得氯化钾。此品经水洗、重结晶精制得成品。

5.将氢氧化钾用盐酸中和。在纯氢氧化钾水溶液中加入化学计量的纯盐酸，酸稍过量，使溶液略呈酸性，加热浓缩，溶液仍须呈酸性，冷却后有氯化钾沉淀析出，吸滤，将沉淀置于蒸发皿中，放在砂浴上，边搅拌边加热干燥。

精制方法［125］市售氯化钾中含有的杂质，以氯化钠和氯化镁为主，也含有少量硫酸盐、铁盐、铝盐等。

取500g市售氯化钾与1.5L蒸馏水共同研磨之后，过滤，滤液放入蒸发皿中，向其中加入由5g氧化钙制成的石灰乳和12g纯的氯化钡，充分搅拌，待沉淀后取少许上部清液，滴加氯化钡，确证已无沉淀生成，过滤，向滤液中加入15g纯净的无水碳酸钾，搅拌后静置，过滤，加热滤液至沸腾时加入稀盐酸，使之呈酸性。用直接火浓缩，至体积浓缩至1/3时，即有氯化钾析出，冷却后，将结晶吸滤，置蒸发皿中，用砂浴干燥。

6.将25份蒸馏水加到10份工业氯化钾中，加热搅拌均匀，在溶液中通入硫化氢气体或加入硫化氢溶液，使重金属的硫化物完全沉淀析出，然后分别加入少许活性炭和少许双氧水，再加入适量的氯化钡饱和溶液，并检查SO₄^2- 离子是否沉淀完全。将溶液过滤后加热5min，加入碳酸钾，使溶液 pH值达11～ 12，并检查Ba²⁺离子是否沉淀完全（在滤液样品中用稀硫酸酸化，溶液不变混浊或不产生沉淀为合格）。趁热过滤，滤液用化学纯盐酸中和至pH＝7，搅拌均匀，让滤液冷却结晶。结晶甩干，于（ 100±5） ℃干燥，即可包装。过程中氯化钡和碳酸钾的加入量，应根据原料氯化钾（工业品）中SO₄²和 Ca²⁺ 离子等的含量确定。如果在进行结晶时，采用机械搅拌（ 150～200转／分），则所得试剂的纯度要高得多（对硫酸盐杂质和铵盐杂质的含量而言）。

7.冷分解法　将光卤石经粉碎后，放入分解器，加入水、母液和浮选剂进行分解，由分解器下部排除的粗钾料浆泵入沉降器。沉降料浆经器底放出，经离心分离，脱去母液得到粗钾。粗钾送入洗涤器中，室温下将其中所含的氯化钠溶解入水，浆液经再次沉降、离心分离、干燥，制得氯化钾成品。清液作为精钾母液，循环使用。

氯化钾海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 3104209000

氯化钾文献

High-throughput electrophoretic mobility shift assays for quantitative analysis of molecular binding reactions.

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We describe a platform for high-throughput electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) for identification and characterization of molecular binding reactions. A photopatterned free-standing polyacry...

Formulation approaches to improving the delivery of an antiviral drug with activity against seasonal flu.

Pharm. Dev. Technol. 20(2) , 169-75, (2015)

The main objective of the present study was to develop formulations of noscapine hydrochloride hydrate with enhanced solubility and bioavailability using co-solvent- and cyclodextrin-based approaches....

Auranofin induces apoptosis and necrosis in HeLa cells via oxidative stress and glutathione depletion.

Mol. Med. Report. 11(2) , 1428-34, (2014)

Auranofin (Au), an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase, is a known anti‑cancer drug. In the present study, the anti‑growth effect of Au on HeLa cervical cancer cells was examined in association with le...

更多文献

氯化钾相关知识

氯化钾的化学式是什么？氯化钾的作用及用途有哪些？

2019-07-17 18:26:02

氯化钾的化学式是KCl，离子型化合物。纯品为无色晶体，味咸，密度1.984g·cm-3，熔点770℃。工业品呈白色，淡黄色或带红色的细小晶粒。易溶于水，微溶于乙醇，稍溶于甘油，不溶于浓盐酸、乙醚、丙酮，有吸湿性，易结块。工业上，从光卤石或含钾卤水中得到氯化钾。农业上用氯化钾粗品作钾肥(以氧化钾计含...

氯化钾