毒理学数据:
1.急性毒性
LD50:2460mg/kg(大鼠经口);1250mg/kg(兔经皮)
LC50:7551ppm(大鼠吸入,8h)
2.刺激性 家兔经皮:500mg,轻度刺激(开放性刺激试验)
3.亚急性与慢性毒性 猫吸入其蒸气7mg/m3,每天4h,共6个月,在染毒后1个月,条件反射开始破坏。病理检查见肝、肾和肺病理改变。
4.致突变性 性染色体缺失和不分离:酿酒酵母菌47600ppm。姐妹染色单体交换:仓鼠卵巢5g/L。
5.致畸性 仓鼠孕后8d吸入最低中毒剂量(TCLo)5000ppm(1h),致中枢神经系统发育畸形。仓鼠孕后8d吸入最低中毒剂量(TCLo)8000ppm(1h),致肌肉骨骼系统发育畸形。
6.其他 仓鼠经口最低中毒剂量(TDLo):300mg/kg(孕8d),引起肌肉骨骼发育异常。
生态学数据:
1.生态毒性 LC50:1640mg/L(96h)(黑头呆鱼)
2.生物降解性
好氧生物降解性(h):168~672
厌氧生物降解性(h):672~2688
3.非生物降解性
水中光氧化半衰期(h):2.80×106~1.10×108
空气中光氧化半衰期(h):1299~12991
一级水解半衰期(h):>150000a
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
-
RTECS NUMBER :
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AL7700000
-
CHEMICAL NAME :
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Acetonitrile
-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
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75-05-8
-
LAST UPDATED :
-
199806
-
DATA ITEMS CITED :
-
78
-
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
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C2-H3-N
-
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
-
41.06
-
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
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NC1
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
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TYPE OF TEST :
-
Open irritation test
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
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Administration onto the skin
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rabbit
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human - child
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
800 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human - man
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
571 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - metabolic acidosis
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human - man
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
64 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - excitement
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
160 ppm/4H
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
2460 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
7551 ppm/8H
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Blood - hemorrhage
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TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intraperitoneal
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
850 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Subcutaneous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
3500 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intravenous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
1680 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Parenteral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
1100 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
269 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
2693 ppm/1H
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Liver - other changes
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intraperitoneal
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
175 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - corneal damage Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Subcutaneous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
4480 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intravenous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
612 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Mammal - dog
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
16000 ppm/4H
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Mammal - cat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
200 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Mammal - cat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
18 gm/m3
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rabbit
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
50 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rabbit
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
2828 ppm/4H
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Blood - hemorrhage
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Administration onto the skin
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rabbit
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
1250 uL/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Subcutaneous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rabbit
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
105 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - guinea pig
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
177 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - guinea pig
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
5655 ppm/4H
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Blood - hemorrhage
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Subcutaneous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Amphibian - frog
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
9100 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Mammal - species unspecified
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
1670 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
655 ppm/7H/90D-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema Liver - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
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ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
800 ppm/6H/13W-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - ataxia Related to Chronic Data - death
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
800 ppm/6H/13W-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema Related to Chronic Data - death
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Mammal - dog
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
350 ppm/7H/91D-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Primate - monkey
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
350 ppm/7H/91D-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Brain and Coverings - changes in circulation (hemorrhage, thrombosis, etc.) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - emphysema Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
400 ppm/6H/2Y-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
DOSE :
-
1800 ppm/6H
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 6-20 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
DOSE :
-
300 mg/kg
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 8 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
DOSE :
-
400 mg/kg
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 8 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
DOSE :
-
5000 ppm/1H
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 8 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
DOSE :
-
8000 ppm/1H
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 8 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
MUTATION DATA
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
Sister chromatid exchange
-
TEST SYSTEM :
-
Rodent - hamster Ovary
-
REFERENCE :
-
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(Suppl 10),1,1987 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-STEL 101 mg/m3 (60 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 67 mg/m3 (40 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW SAIGBL Sangyo Igaku. Japanese Journal of Industrial Health. (Nippon Sangyo Eisei Igakkai, Kosu Eisei Bldg., 1-29-8, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160, Japan) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 33,463,1991 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,3,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3);STEL 60 ppm ;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 40 ppm (67 mg/m3);STEL 60 ppm (101 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3);STEL 60 ppm (105 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3);STEL 60 ppm (105 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 50 mg/m3;STEL 100 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3);STEL 80 ppm ;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 40 ppm (70 mg/m3);STEL 60 ppm JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO ACETONITRILE-air:10H TWA 20 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 02900 No. of Facilities: 302 (estimated) No. of Industries: 9 No. of Occupations: 25 No. of Employees: 28201 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 02900 No. of Facilities: 1172 (estimated) No. of Industries: 19 No. of Occupations: 27 No. of Employees: 31341 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 7975 (estimated)
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