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75-21-8

75-21-8结构式
75-21-8结构式
  • 常用中文名:环氧乙烷
  • 常用英文名:ETHYLENE OXIDE
  • CAS号:75-21-8
  • 分子式:C2H4O
  • 分子量:44.05260
  • 相关类别: 医药中间体 杂环化合物 嘧啶类化合物 氟嘧啶
  • 发布时间:2018-02-07 08:00:00
  • 更新时间:2024-01-02 16:17:06
  • 【用途一】
    用作有机化工原料及溶剂,主要用于生产乙二醇、乙醇胺及非离子表面活性剂
    【用途二】
    用于有机合成
    【用途三】
    环氧乙烷是除草剂丙草胺的中间体,并且是一种重要的化工原料,用于制造乙二醇、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、乙二醇醚,也可用于生产非离子型表面活性剂。
    【用途四】
    杀菌消毒剂;谷物熏蒸剂。
    【用途五】
    环氧乙烷有杀菌作用,对金属不腐蚀,无残留气味,因此可用材料的气体杀菌剂。通常采用环氧乙烷-二氧化碳(两者之比为90:10)或环氧乙烷-二氯二氟甲烷的混合物,主要用于医院和精密仪器的消毒。环氧乙烷用熏蒸剂常用于粮食、食物的保藏。例如,干蛋粉的贮藏中常因受细菌的作用而分解,用环氧乙烷熏蒸处理,可防止变质,而蛋粉的化学成分,包括氨基酸等都不受影响。环氧乙烷易与酸作用,因此可作为抗酸剂添加于某些物质中,从而降你这些物质的酸度或者使用其长期不产生酸性。便如,在生产氯化丁基橡胶时,异丁烯与异戊二烯共聚物的溶液在氯化前如果加入环氧乙烷,则成品即可完全不用碱洗和水洗。环氧乙烷自动分解时能产生世大能量,可以作为火箭和喷气推进器的动力,一般是采用硝基甲烷和环氧乙烷的混俣物(60:40-95:5)。这种混合燃料燃烧性能好,凝固点低,性质比较稳定,不易引爆。总的来说,环氧乙烷的上述这灯直接用途消费量很少,环氧乙烷作为乙烯工业衍生物仅次于聚乙烯,为第二位的重要产品。其重要性主要是以其为原料生产的系列产吕。由环氧乙烷 衍生的下游产吕的种类远比各种乙烯衍生物多。五氧乙烷的毒性为乙二醇和27倍,与氨的毒性相仿。在体内形成甲醛、乙二醇和乙二酸,对中枢神经系统起麻醉作用,对粘膜有刺激作用,对细包原浆有毒害作用。
    【用途六】
    环氧乙烷是用途广泛的合成中间体。主要用于生产乙二醇,还可生产乙醇胺类、醚类、非离子表面活性剂、防冻剂、增塑剂、添加剂、香料、高能燃料、推进剂等。

化源商城直购

中文名 环氧乙烷
英文名 oxirane
中文别名 虫菌畏
氧化乙烯
氧化伸乙基
英文别名 ETO
MFCD00014482
Oxiran
E.O.
EINECS 200-849-9
1,2-epoxyethane
epoxyethane
Oxiraan
C2H4O
ethylene oxide
T-Gas
oxacyclopropane
Merpol
Oxane
密度 0.882 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
沸点 10.7 °C(lit.)
熔点 −111 °C(lit.)
分子式 C2H4O
分子量 44.05260
闪点 低于-17.7ºC
精确质量 44.02620
PSA 12.53000
LogP 0.01660
外观性状 无色压缩液化气体
折射率 n20/D 1.3597(lit.)
储存条件

1.储存注意事项储存于阴凉、通风的易燃气体专用库房。远离火种、热源。避免光照。库温不宜超过30℃。应与酸类、碱类、醇类、食用化学品分开存放,切忌混储。采用防爆型照明、通风设施。禁止使用易产生火花的机械设备和工具。储区应备有泄漏应急处理设备。

2.设备应密封,防止跑、冒、滴、漏。加强通风设施。操作人员应穿戴防护用具。高浓度环境中更应戴活性炭口罩或压缩空气、压缩厌氧呼吸面具。装置附近应备有水龙头及淋浴设备。空气中最高容许浓度0.001g/m3。

稳定性

1.环氧乙烷液体本身是一种良好的有机溶剂。环氧乙烷易爆炸,当空气中含有3%~80%环氧乙烷时,则形成爆炸性混合气体,遇明火时发生燃烧或爆炸。若将环氧乙烷液体和水以1:22以上比例相混合,则不再有易燃(爆)性。环氧乙烷与镁、银及其化合物相接触时可形成乙炔,也可发生爆炸。为了安全使用环氧乙烷,可用淬火剂进行稀释。

2.环氧乙烷可以发生聚合,但一般情况下聚合作用是缓慢的,且主要是在液体状态时发生聚合。在聚合过程中释放一些能量。这种聚合作用可因某些催化剂的存在而加速。环氧乙烷的聚合物可为黄色油状物或树胶样固体。易溶于水和有机溶剂,能还原硝酸银。化学性质活泼、易发生开环反应,能与许多化合物进行加成反应,与水反应生成乙二醇,与醇类反应生成乙二醇单醚,与苯酚反应生成苯氧基乙醇,与无机酸如硝酸反应生成乙二醇二硝酸酯。环氧乙烷能发生聚合反应生成聚乙二醇。

3.环氧乙烷在体内形成甲醛、乙二醇和乙二酸。对中枢神经系统起麻醉作用,并刺激黏膜,毒害细胞原浆。小鼠吸入LC501.5mg/L,大鼠吸入LC502.63mg/L.。人体吸入高浓度蒸气后,即呈麻醉症状,引起恶心、呕吐。中毒后应立即撤离现场,进行吸氧、人工呼吸等抢救处理。皮肤污染者,用大量清水或3%硼酸溶液冲洗15分钟以上,保暖并送医院诊治。

4.稳定性 稳定

5.禁配物 酸类、碱、醇类、氨、铜

6.避免接触的条件 受热,光照

7.聚合危害 聚合

分子结构

1、摩尔折射率:10.82

2、摩尔体积(cm3/mol):44.2

3、等张比容(90.2K):104.7

4、表面张力(dyne/cm):31.2

5、介电常数:无可用

6、偶极距(10-24cm3):无可用

7、极化率:4.29

计算化学

1.疏水参数计算参考值(XlogP):-0.1

2.氢键供体数量:0

3.氢键受体数量:1

4.可旋转化学键数量:0

5.互变异构体数量:无

6.拓扑分子极性表面积12.5

7.重原子数量:3

8.表面电荷:0

9.复杂度:10.3

10.同位素原子数量:0

11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

15.共价键单元数量:1

更多

1.性状:无色气体,有特征气味。

2.熔点(℃):-111.7

3.沸点(℃):10.7

4.相对密度(水=1):0.87(20℃)

5.相对蒸气密度(空气=1):1.52

6.饱和蒸气压(kPa):146(20℃)

7.燃烧热(kJ/mol):-306.1

8.临界温度(℃):195.8

9.临界压力(MPa):7.19

10.辛醇/水分配系数:-0.30

11.闪点(℃):-29(OC)

12.引燃温度(℃):429

13.爆炸上限(%):100

14.爆炸下限(%):3.0

15.溶解性:易溶于水,多数有机溶剂。

16.黏度(mPa·s,0ºC):0.31

17.黏度(mPa·s,10ºC):0.28

18.蒸发热(KJ/kg):569.87

19.生成热(KJ/kg,蒸气):71.13

20.生成热(KJ/kg,液体):97.49

21.熔化热(KJ/kg):5.17

22.比热容(KJ/(kg·K),25ºC):1.96

23.热导率(W/(m·K),蒸气,25ºC):0.1239×10-3

24.体膨胀系数(K-1,20ºC):0.00147

25.体膨胀系数(K-1,55ºC):0.00161

26.常温折射率(n20):1.35797

27.相对密度(20℃,4℃):0.882810

28.临界密度(g·cm-3):0.231

29.临界体积(cm3·mol-1):142

30.临界压缩因子:0.262

31.偏心因子:0.198

32.溶度参数(J·cm-3)0.5:21.624

33.van der Waals面积(cm2·mol-1):3.300×109

34.van der Waals体积(cm3·mol-1):24.160

35.气相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol-1):-1306.04

36.气相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol-1) :-52.63

37.气相标准熵(J·mol-1·K-1) :242.99

38.气相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol-1):-13.2

39.气相标准热熔(J·mol-1·K-1):47.86

40.液相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol-1):-1281.10

41.液相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol-1):-77.57

42.液相标准熵(J·mol-1·K-1) :153.80

43.液相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol-1):-11.59

44.液相标准热熔(J·mol-1·K-1):89.90

第一部分:化学品名称
化学品中文名称:
环氧乙烷
化学品英文名称:
epoxyethane
中文名称 2
氧化乙烯
英文名称 2
ethylene oxide
技术说明书编码:
47
CAS No.
75-21-8
分子式:
C2H4O
分子量:
44.05
第二部分:成分 / 组成信息
有害物成分
含量
CAS No.
环氧乙烷
75-21-8
第三部分:危险性概述
危险性类别:
侵入途径:
健康危害:
是一种中枢神经抑制剂、刺激剂和原浆毒物。急性中毒:患者有剧烈的搏动性头痛、头晕、恶心和呕吐、流泪、呛咳、胸闷、呼吸困难;重者全身肌肉颤动、言语障碍、共济失调、出汗、神志不清,以致昏迷。还可见心肌损害和肝功能异常。抢救恢复后可有短暂精神失常,迟发性功能性失音或中枢性偏瘫。皮肤接触迅速发生红肿,数小时后起泡,反复接触可致敏。液体溅入眼内,可致角膜灼伤。慢性影响:长期少量接触,可见有神经衰弱综合征和植物神经功能紊乱。
环境危害:
对环境有危害。
燃爆危险:
本品易燃,有毒,为致癌物,具刺激性,具致敏性。
第四部分:急救措施
皮肤接触:
立即脱去污染的衣着,用大量流动清水冲洗至少 15 分钟。就医。
眼睛接触:
立即提起眼睑,用大量流动清水或生理盐水彻底冲洗至少 15 分钟。就医。
吸入:
迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难,给输氧。如呼吸停止,立即进行人工呼吸。呼吸心跳停止时,立即进行人工呼吸和胸外心脏按压术。
食入:
第五部分:消防措施
危险特性:
其蒸气能与空气形成范围广阔的爆炸性混合物。遇热源和明火有燃烧爆炸的危险。若遇高热可发生剧烈分解,引起容器破裂或爆炸事故。接触碱金属、氢氧化物或高活性催化剂如铁、锡和铝的无水氯化物及铁和铝的氧化物可大量放热,并可能引起爆炸。其蒸气比空气重,能在较低处扩散到相当远的地方,遇火源会着火回燃。
有害燃烧产物:
一氧化碳、二氧化碳。
灭火方法:
切断气源。若不能切断气源,则不允许熄灭泄漏处的火焰。喷水冷却容器,可能的话将容器从火场移至空旷处。灭火剂:雾状水、抗溶性泡沫、干粉、二氧化碳。
第六部分:泄漏应急处理
应急处理:
迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至上风处,并立即隔离 150m ,严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器,穿防静电工作服。尽可能切断泄漏源。用工业覆盖层或吸附 / 吸收剂盖住泄漏点附近的下水道等地方,防止气体进入。合理通风,加速扩散。喷雾状水稀释、溶解。构筑围堤或挖坑收容产生的大量废水。如有可能,将漏出气用排风机送至空旷地方或装设适当喷头烧掉。漏气容器要妥善处理,修复、检验后再用。
第七部分:操作处置与储存
操作注意事项:
密闭操作,局部排风。操作人员必须经过专门培训,严格遵守操作规程。建议操作人员佩戴自吸过滤式防毒面具(全面罩),穿防静电工作服,戴橡胶手套。远离火种、热源,工作场所严禁吸烟。使用防爆型的通风系统和设备。防止气体泄漏到工作场所空气中。避免与酸类、碱类、醇类接触。在传送过程中,钢瓶和容器必须接地和跨接,防止产生静电。禁止撞击和震荡。配备相应品种和数量的消防器材及泄漏应急处理设备。
储存注意事项:
储存于阴凉、通风的库房。远离火种、热源。避免光照。库温不宜超过 30 。应与酸类、碱类、醇类、食用化学品分开存放,切忌混储。采用防爆型照明、通风设施。禁止使用易产生火花的机械设备和工具。储区应备有泄漏应急处理设备。应严格执行极毒物品 五双 管理制度。
第八部分:接触控制 / 个体防护
,
职业接触限值
中国 MAC(mg/m3)
5
前苏联 MAC(mg/m3)
1
TLVTN
ACGIH 1ppm,1.8mg/m3
TLVWN
未制定标准
监测方法:
气相色谱法;变色酸分光光度法;直接进样-气相色谱法
工程控制:
密闭操作,局部排风。提供安全淋浴和洗眼设备。
呼吸系统防护:
空气中浓度超标时,建议佩戴自吸过滤式防毒面具(全面罩)。紧急事态抢救或撤离时,建议佩戴空气呼吸器。
眼睛防护:
呼吸系统防护中已作防护。
身体防护:
穿防静电工作服。
手防护:
戴橡胶手套。
其他防护:
工作现场严禁吸烟。工作完毕,淋浴更衣。注意个人清洁卫生。
第九部分:理化特性
主要成分:
纯品
外观与性状:
无色气体。
pH
熔点 ( )
-112.2
沸点 ( )
10.4
相对密度 ( =1)
0.87
相对蒸气密度 ( 空气 =1)
1.52
饱和蒸气压 (kPa)
145.91(20 )
燃烧热 (kJ/mol)
1262.8
临界温度 ( )
195.8
临界压力 (MPa)
7.19
辛醇 / 水分配系数的对数值:
-0.30( 计算 )
闪点 ( )
<-17.8(O.C)
引燃温度 ( )
429
爆炸上限 %(V/V)
3.0
爆炸下限 %(V/V)
100
溶解性:
易溶于水、多数有机溶剂。
主要用途:
用于制造乙二醇、表面活性剂、洗涤剂、增塑剂以及树脂等。
其它理化性质:
第十部分:稳定性和反应活性
稳定性:
禁配物:
酸类、碱、醇类、氨、铜。
避免接触的条件:
受热、光照。
聚合危害:
分解产物:
第十一部分:毒理学资料
急性毒性:
LD50 :无资料

LC50
:无资料
亚急性和慢性毒性:
刺激性:
家兔经眼: 18mg/6 小时,中度刺激。人经皮: 1 %, 7 秒,皮肤刺激。
致敏性:
致突变性:
致畸性:
致癌性:
第十二部分:生态学资料
生态毒理毒性:
生物降解性:
非生物降解性:
生物富集或生物积累性:
其它有害作用:
该物质对环境有危害,应注意对大气的污染。
第十三部分:废弃处置
废弃物性质:
废弃处置方法:
不含过氧化物的废液经浓缩后,控制一定的速度燃烧。含过氧化物的废液经浓缩后,在安全距离外敞口燃烧。
废弃注意事项:
第十四部分:运输信息
危险货物编号:
21039
UN 编号:
1040
包装标志:
包装类别:
O52
包装方法:
钢质气瓶;安瓿瓶外普通木箱。
运输注意事项:
铁路运输时应严格按照铁道部《危险货物运输规则》中的危险货物配装表进行配装。采用刚瓶运输时必须戴好钢瓶上的安全帽。钢瓶一般平放,并应将瓶口朝同一方向,不可交叉;高度不得超过车辆的防护栏板,并用三角木垫卡牢,防止滚动。运输时运输车辆应配备相应品种和数量的消防器材。装运该物品的车辆排气管必须配备阻火装置,禁止使用易产生火花的机械设备和工具装卸。严禁与酸类、碱类、醇类、食用化学品等混装混运。夏季应早晚运输,防止日光曝晒。中途停留时应远离火种、热源。公路运输时要按规定路线行驶,禁止在居民区和人口稠密区停留。铁路运输时要禁止溜放。
第十五部分:法规信息
法规信息
化学危险物品安全管理条例 (1987 2 17 日国务院发布 ) ,化学危险物品安全管理条例实施细则 ( 化劳发 [1992] 677 ) ,工作场所安全使用化学品规定 ([1996] 劳部发 423 ) 等法规,针对化学危险品的安全使用、生产、储存、运输、装卸等方面均作了相应规定;常用危险化学品的分类及标志 (GB 13690-92) 将该物质划为第 2.1 类易燃气体;车间空气中环氧乙烷卫生标准 (GB 11721-89) ,规定了车间空气中该物质的最高容许浓度及检测方法。
第十六部分:其他信息
参考文献:
填表时间:
填表部门:
数据审核单位:
修改说明:
其他信息:
MSDS 修改日期:

毒理学数据:

1、急性毒性:大白鼠口服:LD50:300mg/Kg;几内亚猪 口服 LD50:300mg/Kg;人吸入环氧乙烷含量100~200mg/L的空气,死亡。
2、慢性毒性:几内亚猪 吸入 7hr/天,每周5天,连续几个月,耐药量为10mg/Kg左右;小白鼠和大白鼠 同样条件下,耐药量为50mg/Kg。
3、眼刺激性:兔 18mg/6hr 中度。
4、环氧乙烷的毒性为乙二醇的27倍,与氨的毒性相仿。在体内形成甲醛、乙二醇和乙二酸,对中枢神经系统起麻醉作用,对粘膜有刺激作用,对细胞原浆有毒害作用。
5、液体对眼睛会造成严重伤害,其蒸气对眼、鼻和咽喉有刺激性,对神经系统产生抑制作用。工作场所最高容许浓度5mg/m3。人吸入180mg/m3出现有害症状,450mg/m时60分钟会产生严重中毒。

6.急性毒性

LD50:72mg/kg(大鼠经口)

LC50:800ppm(大鼠吸入,4h)

7.刺激性

家兔经眼:18mg(6h),中度刺激。

人经皮:1%(7s),皮肤刺激。

8.亚急性与慢性毒性 动物反复吸入0.63~0.72g/m3蒸气,可见有生长抑制或体重减轻、流涕、腹泻及呼吸道刺激症状。动物死亡原因,大多由于原发性肺刺激,或由于继发感染。

9.致突变性 微生物致突变试验:鼠伤寒沙门菌20ppm。微生物致突变:酿酒酵母菌25mmol/L。姐妹染色单体交换:人淋巴细胞4%。体细胞突变:人成纤维细胞5mmol/L。程序外DNA合成:人白细胞4mmol/L。DNA损伤:人成纤维细胞5mmol/L。

10.致畸性 大鼠孕后7~16d吸入最低中毒剂量(TCLo)150ppm(7h),致颅面部(包括鼻、舌)发育畸形。小鼠腹腔内给予最低中毒剂量(TDLo)125mg/kg,致眼、耳发育畸形。

11.致癌性 IARC致癌性评论:G1,确认人类致癌物。

12.其他大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度(TCLo):3600μg/m3(24h)(60d,雄性),影响睾丸、附睾和输精管。致植入前的死亡率升高。大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度(TCLo):150ppm(7h)(孕7~16d用药),致胚胎毒性,致颅面部发育异常,致肌肉骨骼发育异常。

TCLo:12500ppm(人吸入,10s);TCLo:500ppm(女人吸入,2min)

生态学数据:

1.生态毒性 LC50:90mg/L(24h)(金鱼)

2.生物降解性

好氧生物降解(h):672~4320

厌氧生物降解(h):2688~17280

3.非生物降解性

空气中光氧化半衰期(h):917~9167

一级水解半衰期(h):285

4.其他有害作用 该物质对环境有危害,应注意对大气的污染。

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
KX2450000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Ethylene oxide
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
75-21-8
LAST UPDATED :
199806
DATA ITEMS CITED :
164
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C2-H4-O
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
44.06
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
T3OTJ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
12500 ppm/10S
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
500 ppm/2M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
72 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
800 ppm/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Liver - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
187 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Liver - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
836 ppm/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
175 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
290 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
960 ppm/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
330 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION :
100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
175 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified Behavioral - muscle weakness Behavioral - rigidity (including catalepsy)
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
270 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
1500 mg/m3/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
406 ppm/6H/6W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
300 ug/m3/24H/83D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Blood - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in chlorine
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
800 ppm/6H/14D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
400 ppm/6H/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Blood - normocytic anemia Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
600 ppm/6H/14W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Endocrine - other changes Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
450 mg/m3/6H/10W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Endocrine - changes in spleen weight Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
290 ppm/6H/6W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
102 ppm/26W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Primate - monkey
DOSE/DURATION :
100 ppm/7H/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1186 mg/kg/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors Liver - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
33 ppm/6H/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Brain and Coverings - tumors Blood - leukemia
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
50 ppm/6H/2Y
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
292 mg/kg/95W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1090 mg/kg/91W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
908 mg/kg/95W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
2576 mg/kg/95W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
5112 mg/kg/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors Liver - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
50 ppm/7H/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
33 ppm/6H/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Brain and Coverings - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
33 ppm/6H/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Brain and Coverings - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
100 ppm/6H
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
100 ppm/6H
SEX/DURATION :
male 12 week(s) pre-mating female 9 week(s) pre-mating - 3 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
3600 ug/m3/24H
SEX/DURATION :
male 60 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
100 ppm/6H
SEX/DURATION :
female 12 week(s) pre-mating - 21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
150 ppm/7H
SEX/DURATION :
female 7-16 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
255 ppm/6H
SEX/DURATION :
male 10 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
1200 ppm/90M
SEX/DURATION :
female 1 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - homeostasis
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
1200 ppm/90M
SEX/DURATION :
female 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - other effects to embryo
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
750 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 25 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - delayed effects
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
150 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
125 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 1 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
125 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 1 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
DOSE :
225 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 10-12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
DOSE :
450 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 8-10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
DOSE :
450 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 10-12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
50 ppm/7H
SEX/DURATION :
male 96 week(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
50 ppm/7H
SEX/DURATION :
male 2 year(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
DOSE :
324 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
TYPE OF TEST :
Specific locus test
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TYPE OF TEST :
Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TYPE OF TEST :
Sister chromatid exchange
TYPE OF TEST :
Sister chromatid exchange
TYPE OF TEST :
Micronucleus test
TYPE OF TEST :
Micronucleus test
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TYPE OF TEST :
Sister chromatid exchange
TYPE OF TEST :
Dominant lethal test
TYPE OF TEST :
Dominant lethal test
TYPE OF TEST :
Micronucleus test
TYPE OF TEST :
Micronucleus test
TYPE OF TEST :
Micronucleus test
TYPE OF TEST :
DNA damage
TYPE OF TEST :
DNA damage
TYPE OF TEST :
Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TYPE OF TEST :
Sister chromatid exchange
TYPE OF TEST :
Dominant lethal test
TYPE OF TEST :
Dominant lethal test
TYPE OF TEST :
Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TYPE OF TEST :
Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TYPE OF TEST :
Heritable translocation test
TYPE OF TEST :
Heritable translocation test
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TYPE OF TEST :
Sister chromatid exchange

MUTATION DATA

TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - rabbit
REFERENCE :
ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,121,1982 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Suspected human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 1.8 mg/m3 (1 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 36,189,1985 IARC Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,205,1987 IARC Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 60,73,1994 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 60,73,1994 IARC Cancer Review:Group 1 IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 60,73,1994 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW JJOMDZ JOM, Journal of Occupational Medicine. (American Occupational Medicine Assoc., 150 N. Wacker Dr., Chicago, IL 60606) V.10- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,808,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CMTVAS Cahiers de Medecine du Travail. (Association Professionnelle Belge des Medecine du Travail, rue du Bultia, 6280 Gerpinnes, Belgium) V.1- 1963- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(3),49,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St., NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,700,1964 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 50 ppm (90 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,112,1971 OSHA PEL (Construc):see CFR 29,1926.1147 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 50 ppm (90 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 OSHA-cancer hazard CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1047,1987 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 10 ppm (20 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 1 ppm (2 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 1 ppm (1.8 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 1 ppm (1.8 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 1 ppm (2.8 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 5 ppm (10 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (20 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 1 mg/m3;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 50 ppm (90 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 50 ppm (90 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 50 ppm (90 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 50 ppm;STEL 1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 1 ppm (2 mg/m3);STEL 5 ppm (9 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 1 ppm (2 mg/m3).;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 50 ppm (90 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 5 ppm (10 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO ETHYLENE OXIDE-air:8H CA TWA 0.1 ppm;CL 5 ppm/10M REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 32550 No. of Facilities: 7411 (estimated) No. of Industries: 67 No. of Occupations: 74 No. of Employees: 107450 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 32550 No. of Facilities: 10657 (estimated) No. of Industries: 89 No. of Occupations: 104 No. of Employees: 270683 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 120086 (estimated)

符号 GHS02 GHS07 GHS08
GHS02, GHS07, GHS08
信号词 Danger
危害声明 H225-H302 + H332-H315-H319-H335-H340-H350
补充危害声明 May form explosive peroxides.
警示性声明 P201-P210-P280-P308 + P313-P370 + P378-P403 + P235
靶器官 Blood, Central nervous system, Liver
个人防护装备 Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US)
危害码 (欧洲) F+,T,F
风险声明 (欧洲) R45
安全声明 (欧洲) S53-S45-S36/37-S16-S24/25-S23
危险品运输编码 UN 2037 2.3
WGK德国 2
RTECS号 KX2450000
危险类别 2.3
海关编码 2910100000

(1)氯醇法
以乙烯为原料,先经次氯酸化制得氯乙醇,然后用碱环化而得。具体工艺是:将乙烯和氯气通入水中生成氯乙醇,该反应在耐腐蚀的反应器中进行,氯气、水和乙烯并流通入反应器,在20~50℃和0.2~0.3 MPa下反应,生成2-氯乙醇水溶液,含量一般在6%~7%以下。然后用碱(通常为石灰乳)与氯乙醇反应,进行环合。反应温度控制在100℃左右,生成的环氧乙烷尽快离开反应区,从反应器上部的冷凝口流出,然后汽液分离,蒸馏可得成品。

75-21-8 preparation

工艺流程:1、乙烯的次氯酸化反应在温度27-43℃,压力0.2-0.Mpa下进行。所用反应器为塔式反应器。从塔底加入水,在稍上部加入氯气,在再上部加入乙烯。水、次氯酸、乙烯并流向上通过反应器进行反应,得到氯乙醇含量为4%-5%(质量)的反应液;反应副产物为二氯乙烷、二氯乙基醚等。从反应器顶部逸出的气体进入冷凝,不凝气体大部分为未反应的乙烯,除少量放空外,大部分经水洗、碱洗后返回反应循环使用。2、皂化 上述冷凝液与反应器中溢出的反应液一起送入皂化水解塔。水解塔温度低于100℃,压力为常压;加入过量10%-20%的石灰乳,氯乙醇在皂化塔中水解为环氧乙烷后,与其他氯化副产物一起从塔顶蒸出;然后依次经初馏塔和精馏塔脱去低沸物和高沸物后而得环氧乙烷产品。消耗定额(kg/t):乙烯800,氯气2000,石灰1600;同时副产氯化钙3200,二氯乙烷100-150。

(2)氧化法
由乙烯与空气或氧气通过银催化剂于200~300℃和1~3 MPa压力下在气相直接氧化制得。
氧化法催化剂一般含银10%~30%,有效助催化剂是碱金属和碱土金属(如铁、钙等)。常用的载体为α-氧化铝或碳化硅,反应后生成氧化气体,于吸收塔内用水吸收,未反应的乙烯循环回反应器,吸收液经解吸蒸馏而得产品。

75-21-8 preparation

工艺流程:新鲜乙烯、空气和循环气体混合后在换热器中与反应器中出来的气体换热;然后加入(2-3)×10-6的二氯乙烷,使催化剂活性降低,同是提高其选择性。该混合气体随后进反应器反应;反应后的气体经冷却后进第一水吸收塔,用水吸收其中的环氧乙烷;未吸收的气体大部分返回主反应器循环使用,少量(10%-20%)经补加空气,并预热后进副反应器反应;由副反应器出来的反应气体经冷却后进第二水吸收塔。第一第二吸收塔;塔顶出来的解吸气体进净化塔,从塔底除去残佘的水;塔顶产物再经初馏塔、精馏塔分别除去轻组分和重组分后,得到环氧乙烷产品。消耗定额:乙烯0.9-1.0t/t,二氯乙烷18kg/t,催化剂18kg,冷却水19t/t,空气6000-7000平方立米,蒸汽0.09t/t,电800-1500KW·h/t。

精制方法:主要杂质是醛类(如甲醛、乙醛),通过蒸馏装置可使含醛量不超过54mg/m3。其他精制方法有分子筛吸附法,2-乙基己酸处理法和甲醇蒸取蒸馏法等。

海关编码 2910100000