127-18-4

• 常用中文名：四氯乙烯
• 常用英文名：Tetrachloroethylene
• CAS号：127-18-4
• 分子式：C₂Cl₄
• 分子量：165.833
• 相关类别： 原料药 抗寄生虫病药 驱肠虫药
• 发布时间：2018-02-06 08:00:00
• 更新时间：2024-01-02 18:29:50
• 【用途一】
  用作有机溶剂、干洗剂、油脂萃取剂、烟幕剂、脱硫剂及织物整理剂等
  【用途二】
  四氯乙烯用途广泛，主要用作有机溶剂、干洗剂、金属脱脂溶剂，也用作驱肠虫药。四氯乙烯可用作脂肪类萃取剂、灭火剂和烟幕剂等，还可用于合成三氯乙烯和含氟有机化合物等。
  【用途三】
  广泛用于服装、毛皮、织物的干洗，金属脱脂及油脂抽提等方面，是重要的有机合成原料，有机分析中用作脂肪或脂肪类似物质的溶剂，有机合成。用于ICP-AES、AAS、AFS、ICP-MS、离子色谱等。滴定分析用标准溶液。
  【用途四】
  有机分析中用作脂肪或脂肪类似物质的溶剂。高压液 相色谱试剂。分光光度测定用溶剂。有机合成

名称

• 中文名: 四氯乙烯
• 英文名: tetrachloroethene
• 中文别名: 过氯乙烯; 全氯乙烯
• 英文别名: TETRACHLOROETHYLENE/PERCHLOROETHYLENE/PERKLONE; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE BAKER ANALYZED REAGENT - 4 L; MFCD00000834; ethylene tetrachloride; Tetrachlorethylene; Tetrachloroethene; TETRAHYDROFURAN DRIED; EINECS 204-825-9; tetrachlorethene; ETHENE,1,1,2,2-TETRACHLORO-; Perchlorethylene; Ethene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-; PCE,Perchloroethylene,Tetrachloroethylene; TETRACHLORO ETHYLENE; Tetrachloroethylen; ethene, tetrachloro-; Perk; 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethene; PCE,Perchloroethylene; 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene; Perchloroethene; PCE; Tetrachloroethylene; perchloroethylene; PERCHLOROETHYLENE: HPLC/UV, CP

物化性质

• 密度: 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
• 沸点: 119.1±30.0 °C at 760 mmHg
• 熔点: -22 °C
• 分子式: C₂Cl₄
• 分子量: 165.833
• 闪点: 27.4±21.9 °C
• 精确质量: 163.875412
• LogP: 2.95
• 外观性状: 无色液体带有像醚的气味
• 蒸汽密度: 5.83 (vs air)
• 蒸汽压: 19.3±0.2 mmHg at 25°C
• 折射率: 1.519
• 储存条件:

  储存注意事项 储存于阴凉、通风的库房。远离火种、热源。包装要求密封，不可与空气接触。应与碱类、活性金属粉末、碱金属、食用化学品分开存放，切忌混储。配备相应品种和数量的消防器材。储区应备有泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。

• 稳定性:

  1.无色透明液体，具有类似乙醚的气味。能溶解多种物质（如橡胶、树脂、脂肪、AlCl3、S、I2、HgCl2），能溶解脂肪、油类、焦油、橡胶、天然树脂及芳香族有机酸（苯甲酸、肉桂酸、水杨酸）。大多数合成树脂在四氯乙烯中溶解或溶胀。氟树脂、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂等几乎不溶。硫、碘和氯化汞等也可溶解。与水相互溶解度很小，25℃时四氯乙烯在水中的溶解度为0.015%；水在四氯乙烯中的溶解度为0.0105%。不燃。性稳定。在无空气、湿气和催化剂存在时，加热到500℃，仍很稳定。抗水解。与乙醇、乙醚、氯仿、苯混溶。溶于约10000倍体积的水。

  2.化学性质：纯净的四氯乙烯在空气中于阴暗处不被氧化，但受紫外光作用时逐渐被氧化，生成三氯乙酰氯及少量的光气。因此，工业用四氯乙烯要添加少量的酚类（对苯二酚）、胺类、醇类、腈类等作稳定剂。医药用四氯乙烯则添加少量醇类、百里酚作稳定剂。含有稳定剂的四氯乙烯在空气、水及光的存在或照射下，即使加热至140℃，对常用的金属材料也无明显的腐蚀作用。不含稳定剂的四氯乙烯，在光作用下与水长期接触时，逐渐水解成三氯代乙酸和氯化氢。四氯乙烯在无催化剂、空气和水分存在时，加热至500℃左右也是稳定的。但与空气一起通过红热管时，则热解生成一氧化碳、氯和光气。700℃与活性炭接触生成六氯乙烷和六氯苯。四氯乙烯和臭氧反应生成光气和三氯乙酰氯。同硫酸和硝酸的混合酸作用生成三氯乙酰氯和少量四氯二硝基乙烷。同浓硝酸一起加热不发生反应，与发烟硝酸作用则生成三氯乙酰氯和四氯二硝基乙烷。与二氧化氮在100℃反应生成四氯二硝基乙烷。氢化时生成四氯乙烷。在高压下与氨作用，分解成氯化铵和碳。与金属钾在其熔点附近发生爆炸性反应，与金属钠则不发生反应。经光氯化反应则生成六氯乙烷。与氟化氢及氯的混合物在氟化锆催化下，225~400℃反应，得到1,2,2-三氯-1,1,2-三氟乙烷CClF2CCl2F（氟里昂-113）。在三氯化铝存在下，与其他氯代烃发生缩合反应生成高沸点物质。

• 凝固点: -22.0℃
• 分子结构:

  1、摩尔折射率：30.45

  2、摩尔体积（cm³/mol）：100.3

  3、等张比容（90.2K）：245.0

  4、表面张力（dyne/cm）：35.6

  5、极化率（10^-24cm³）：12.07

• 计算化学:

  1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:无

  2.氢键供体数量:0

  3.氢键受体数量:0

  4.可旋转化学键数量:0

  5.互变异构体数量:无

  6.拓扑分子极性表面积0

  7.重原子数量:6

  8.表面电荷:0

  9.复杂度:55.6

  10.同位素原子数量:0

  11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

  12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

  13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

  14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

  15.共价键单元数量:1

• 更多:

  1.性状：无色液体，有氯仿样气味。

  2.熔点（℃）：-22.3

  3.沸点（℃）：121.2

  4.相对密度（水=1）：1.63

  5.相对蒸气密度（空气=1）：5.83

  6.饱和蒸气压（kPa）：2.11（20℃）

  7.燃烧热（kJ/mol）：-679.3

  8.临界温度（℃）：347.1

  9.临界压力（MPa）：9.74

  10.辛醇/水分配系数：2.6~3.4

  11.溶解性：不溶于水，可混溶于乙醇、乙醚、氯仿等多数有机溶剂。

  12.蒸气压（kPa,-20.6ºC）：0.13

  13.蒸气压（kPa,2.4ºC）：0.67

  14.蒸气压（kPa,13.8ºC）：1.33

  15.蒸气压（kPa,121.2ºC）：101.33

  16.黏度（mPa·s,20ºC）：0.880

  17.蒸发热（KJ/mol,b.p.）：34.75

  18.生成热（KJ/mol,气体）：-25.12

  19.生成热（KJ/mol,液体）：12.56

  20.熔化热（KJ/mol）：10.57

  21.燃烧热（KJ/mol,25ºC,液体）：680.4

  22.比热容（KJ/(kg·K),20ºC,定压）：0.904

  23.电导率（S/m,20ºC）：5.55×10^-4

  24.体膨胀系数（K^-1,0~25ºC）：0.00102

  25.体膨胀系数（K^-1,15~95ºC）：0.001079

  26.常温折射率（n²⁰）：1.5053

  27.常温折射率（n²⁵）：1.5028

  28.溶度参数(J·cm^-3)^0.5：18.956

  29.van der Waals面积（cm²·mol^-1）：8.500×10⁹

  30.van der Waals体积（cm³·mol^-1）：58.980

  31.液相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol^-1)：-51.8

  32.液相标准热熔(J·mol^-1·K^-1)：147.0

  33.气相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol^-1) ：-12.1

  34.气相标准熵(J·mol^-1·K^-1) ：340.96

  35.气相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol^-1)：22.7

  36.气相标准热熔(J·mol^-1·K^-1)：94.90

MSDS

国标编号: 61580 ＣＡＳ: 127-18-4 中文名称: 四氯乙烯 英文名称: Tetrachloroethylene 别 名: 全氯乙烯 分子式: C2Cl4；CCl2CCl2 分子量: 165.82 熔 点: -22.2℃ 沸点：121.2? 密 度: 相对密度(水=1)1.63； 蒸汽压: 2.11kPa/20℃ 溶解性: 不溶于水，可混溶于乙醇、乙醚等多数有机溶剂 稳定性: 稳定 外观与性状: 无色液体，有氯仿样气味 危险标记: 15(有害品，远离食品) 用 途: 用作溶剂 2、对环境的影响 一、健康危害 侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。 健康危害：本品有刺激和麻醉作用。吸入急性中毒者有上呼吸道刺激症状、流泪、流涎。随之出现头晕、头痛、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、视力模糊、四肢麻木，甚至出现兴奋不安、抽搐乃至昏迷，可致死。慢性中互者有乏力、眩晕、恶心、酩酊感等。可有肝损害。皮肤反复接触，可致皮炎和湿疹。 当直接接触时，四氯乙烯经皮肤或在吸入之后经肺而被吸收。人体内该化学物质的量随着接触水平和接触期间体力活动的增加而增加。它在人和动物的脂肪组织中蓄积到某一有限程度。人和动物都能使之代谢，主要以三氯乙酸形式，有时也以2，2，2-三氯乙醇的形式。所有物种，代谢能力都是有限的。但是，代谢程度随物种不同而异。对于人，大部分四氯乙烯以肺原样排出。经血液和呼吸对四氯乙烯的排出都很慢，但其排出量则随着接触水平的增高而增加。因此，可将该化合物在血液和呼吸中的浓度用于评估人的接触水平。 二、毒理学资料及环境行为 毒性：属中等毒类。 急性毒性：LD 503005mg/kg(大鼠经口)；LC 5050427mg/m ^3 4小时(大鼠吸入)；人吸入13.6g/m ^3，数分钟内轻度麻醉；人吸入0.7～0.8g/m ^3，喉部轻度刺激和干燥感；人吸入0.5～0.54g/m ^3，轻度眼刺激和烧灼感，数分钟适应；人吸入0.34g/m ^3，可嗅到气味。 刺激性：家兔经眼：500mg(24小时)，轻度刺激。家兔经皮：4mg，轻度刺激。 致突变性：微生物致突变：鼠伤寒沙门氏菌50ul/皿/微粒体致突变：鼠伤寒沙门氏菌200ul/皿。 生殖毒性：大鼠吸入最低中毒(TCL 0)：1000ppm(24小时，孕后1～22天用药)，有胚胎毒性。小鼠吸入最低中毒(TCL 0)：300ppm(7小时，孕后6～15天用药)，有胚胎毒性。 致癌性：IARC致癌性评论：动物为可疑性反应。 转归：释放到周围大气中的大部分四氯乙烯，由于阳光作用而分解，形成象氯化氢、三氯乙酸和二氧化碳之类的产物。地表水中的四氯乙烯迅速蒸发，在水中几乎不发生降解。该化合物在地下水中是稳定的，这正是作出由于工业溢漏和废物堆积造成地下水污染发生率增加这种考虑的原因。 危险特性：一般不会燃烧，但长时间暴露在明火及高温下仍能燃烧。受高热分解产生有毒的腐蚀性气体。与活性金属粉末(如镁、铝等)能发生反应，引起分解。若遇高热可发生剧烈分解，引起容器破裂或爆炸事故。 燃烧(分解)产物：氯化氢、光气。 3、现场应急监测方法 便携式气相色谱法；水质检测管法；气体检测管法 气体速测管（德国德尔格公司产品） 4、实验室监测方法 监测方法 来源 类别 顶空气相色谱法 GB/T17130-1997 水质 无泵型采样器气相色谱法 WS/T156-1999 作业场所空气 吡啶-碱比色法； 气相色谱法 《空气中有害物质的测定方法》(第二版)，杭士平主编 空气 气相色谱法 《固体废弃物试验与分析评价手册》中国环境监测总站等译 固体废弃物 色谱/质谱法 美国EPA524.2方法 水质 5、环境标准 前苏联 车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 10mg/m^3 前苏联(1978) 环境空气中最高容许浓度 0.06mg/m^3(日均值) 中国(GHZB1-1999) 地表水环境质量标准(I、II、III类水域) 0.005mg/L 中国(待颁布) 饮用水源中有害物质的最高容许浓度 0.04mg/L 中国(GB8978-1996) 污水综合排放标准 一级：0.1mg/L 二级：0.2mg/L 三级：0.5mg/L 日本(1993) 环境标准 地面水：0.01mg/L 废水：0.1mg/L 土壤浸出液：0.01mg/L 　 嗅觉阈浓度 ^50ppm 6、应急处理处置方法 一、泄漏处置 疏散泄漏污染区人员至安全区，禁止无关人员进入污染区，应急处理人员戴自给式呼吸器，穿化学防护服。不要直接接触泄漏物，在确保安全情况下堵漏。收修配转移回收。无法收集的可用多硫化钙或过量的硫磺处理。 废弃物处置方法：建议用焚烧法处理。废弃物和其它燃料混合焚烧，燃烧要充分，防止生成光气。焚烧炉排出的卤化氢通过酸洗涤器除去。此外，从废料中回收四氯乙烯，再循环使用。 二、防护措施 工程控制：生产过程密闭，加强通风。 呼吸系统防护：空气中浓度超标时，应该佩戴防毒面具。紧急事态抢救或撤离时，佩戴自给式呼吸 器。 眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。 防护服：穿防静电工作服。 手防护：必要时戴防化学品手套。 其它：工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。工作后，淋浴更衣。单独存放被毒物污染的衣服，洗后再用。注意个人清洁卫生。 三、急救措施 皮肤接触：脱去污染的衣着，用肥皂水及清水彻底冲洗。 眼睛接触：立即翻开上下眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗至少15分钟。就医。 吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。保暖并休息。呼吸困难时给输氧。呼吸停止时，立即进行人工呼吸。就医。 食入：误服者立即漱口，饮足量温水，催吐，就医。 灭火方法：雾状水、泡沫、二氧化碳、干粉、砂土。

毒性和生态

毒理学数据: 1.急性毒性 LD50：3005mg/kg（大鼠经口） LC50：50427mg/m^3（大鼠吸入，4h） 2.刺激性 家兔经皮：810mg（24h），重度刺激。 家兔经眼：162mg，轻度刺激。 3.亚急性与慢性毒性 大鼠，暴露浓度17g/m^3，每天7h，每周5d，几次暴露后即引起动物麻醉和死亡。 4.致突变性 微生物致突变：鼠伤寒沙门菌50μl/皿。微生物致突变试验：鼠伤寒沙门菌200μl/皿。程序外DNA合成：人肺100mg/L。细胞遗传学分析：大鼠吸入500ppm。性染色体缺失和不分离：仓鼠肺190μmol/L。DNA损伤：人接触2.4ppm（1a） 5.致畸性 雌鼠交配前14d、孕后1~22d吸入最低中毒剂量（TCLo）1000ppm（24h），致肌肉骨骼系统发育畸形。 6.致癌性 IARC致癌性评论：G2A，可能人类致癌物。 7.其他 大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度（TCLo）：1000ppm（24h）（孕后1~22d用药），有胚胎毒性。小鼠吸入最低中毒浓度（TCLo）：300ppm（7h）（孕后6~15d用药），有胚胎毒性。 生态学数据: 1.生态毒性 LC50：18.4~21.4mg/L（96h）（黑头呆鱼）；13mg/L（96h）（蓝鳃太阳鱼）；5mg/L（96h）（虹鳟鱼，静态）；18mg/L）（48h）（大型蚤，静态） 2.生物降解性 MITI-I测试，初始浓度100ppm，污泥浓度30ppm，4周后降解11%。 3.非生物降解性 空气中，当羟基自由基浓度为5.00×10^5个/cm^3时，降解半衰期为96d（理论）。 4.生物富集性 BCF：25.8~77.1（鲤鱼，接触浓度0.1ppm，接触时间8周）；28.4~75.7（鲤鱼，接触浓度0.01ppm，接触时间8周） CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION RTECS NUMBER : KX3850000 CHEMICAL NAME : Ethylene, tetrachloro- CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 127-18-4 BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 1361721 LAST UPDATED : 199806 DATA ITEMS CITED : 114 MOLECULAR FORMULA : C2-Cl4 MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 165.82 WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : GYGUYGG HEALTH HAZARD DATA ACUTE TOXICITY DATA TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration into the eye SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration into the eye SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Human DOSE/DURATION : 96 ppm/7H TOXIC EFFECTS : Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - local anesthetic Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - conjunctive irritation Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - child DOSE/DURATION : 545 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - coma TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man DOSE/DURATION : 600 ppm/10M TOXIC EFFECTS : Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - conjunctive irritation Behavioral - general anesthetic TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 2629 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 34200 mg/m3/8H TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 4678 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intratracheal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 450 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 8100 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - general anesthetic TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 5200 ppm/4H TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD - Lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : >500 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 65 gm/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - sleep Behavioral - ataxia TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog DOSE/DURATION : 4 gm/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - sleep Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog DOSE/DURATION : 2100 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Liver - liver function tests impaired TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog DOSE/DURATION : 85 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - cat DOSE/DURATION : 4 gm/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - sleep Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : 5 gm/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - sleep Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) TYPE OF TEST : LD - Lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : >3228 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : 2200 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 14 gm/kg/4W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 36 gm/kg/90D-C TOXIC EFFECTS : Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 3 gm/kg/6W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Liver - other changes Liver - changes in liver weight Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - lipids including transport TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 1750 ppm/6H/14D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Related to Chronic Data - death TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 19300 mg/m3/24H/94D-C TOXIC EFFECTS : Brain and Coverings - recordings from specific areas of CNS Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 200 ppm/4W-C TOXIC EFFECTS : Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other oxidoreductases Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 7000 ppm/8H/50D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in blood vessels or in circulation of kidney Blood - changes in spleen TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 49750 ug/kg/3D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Liver - other changes TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 200 ppm/4H/8W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Liver - fatty liver degeneration TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 1750 ppm/6H/14D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Liver - fatty liver degeneration TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 1600 ppm/6H/13W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Related to Chronic Data - death TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : 2500 ppm/7H/39D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig DOSE/DURATION : 200 ppm/7H/32W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Liver - changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - gerbil DOSE/DURATION : 120 ppm/24H/1Y-C TOXIC EFFECTS : Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - lipids including transport TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 200 ppm/6H/2Y-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - leukemia Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - testicular tumors TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 195 gm/kg/50W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 100 ppm/6H/2Y-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest) ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 240 gm/kg/62W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors TYPE OF TEST : TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest) ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 200 ppm/6H/2Y-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors Blood - leukemia TYPE OF TEST : TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest) ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 100 ppm/6H/2Y-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation DOSE : 1000 ppm/24H SEX/DURATION : female 14 day(s) pre-mating female 1-22 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation DOSE : 1000 ppm/24H SEX/DURATION : female 1-22 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation DOSE : 900 ppm/7H SEX/DURATION : female 7-13 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation DOSE : 300 ppm/7H SEX/DURATION : female 6-15 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation DOSE : 300 ppm/7H SEX/DURATION : female 6-15 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - homeostasis TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation DOSE : 500 ppm/7H SEX/DURATION : male 5 day(s) pre-mating TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified TYPE OF TEST : Sperm Morphology MUTATION DATA TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Lung REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 182,135,1987 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-STEL 685 mg/m3 (100 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 170 mg/m3 (25 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,355,1987 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,159,1995 IARC Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,159,1995 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,355,1987 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,355,1987 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2A IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,159,1995 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CMSHAF Chemosphere. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,517,1977 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AJMEAZ American Journal of Medicine. (Technical Pub., 875 Third Ave., New York, NY 10022) V.1- 1946- Volume(issue)/page/year: 38,409,1965 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 100 ppm (670 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,201,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 100 ppm;CL 200;Pk 300/5M/3H CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 100 ppm (670 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 100 ppm (670 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 100 ppm (670 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 5 ppm (35 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 50 ppm (335 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 50 ppm (339 mg/m3);STEL 200 ppm (1368 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 30 ppm (200 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 50 ppm (335 mg/m3);STEL 75 ppm (520 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 50 ppm (335 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 50 ppm (345 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 50 mg/m3;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 50 ppm (340 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 35 ppm (240 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 100 ppm (670 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 60 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 50 ppm;STEL 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 10 ppm (70 mg/m3);STEL 25 ppm (170 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 50 ppm (345 mg/m3);STEL 100 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 100 ppm;STEL 200 ppm JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 50 ppm (335 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO TETRACHLOROETHYLENE-air:CA lowest feasible conc. REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 54790 No. of Facilities: 52013 (estimated) No. of Industries: 288 No. of Occupations: 155 No. of Employees: 549154 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 54790 No. of Facilities: 49025 (estimated) No. of Industries: 268 No. of Occupations: 151 No. of Employees: 688110 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 177342 (estimated)

安全

• 符号: GHS07, GHS08, GHS09
• 信号词: Warning
• 危害声明: H315-H317-H319-H336-H351-H411
• 警示性声明: P273-P280-P304 + P340 + P312-P333 + P313-P337 + P313-P391
• 个人防护装备: Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter
• 危害码 (欧洲): Xn:Harmful
• 风险声明 (欧洲): R40;R51/53
• 安全声明 (欧洲): S23-S36/37-S61-S45-S24-S16-S7
• 危险品运输编码: UN 1897 6.1/PG 3
• WGK德国: 3
• RTECS号: KX3850000
• 包装等级: III
• 危险类别: 6.1
• 海关编码: 2903230000

合成路线

上下游产品

上游产品  9
56-23-5 74-87-3 2268-46-4 67-72-1
74-86-2 79-34-5 34557-54-5 76-01-7
55596-11-7
下游产品  10
306-83-2 354-21-2 2837-89-0 354-14-3
354-33-6 75-10-5 420-46-2 811-97-2
76-15-3 79-38-9

制备

1.乙烯法本法可联产三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯，分下列二法。a）直接氯化乙烯和氯在含FeCl3催化剂的1,2-二氯乙烷溶液中，于280-450℃进行反应，生成1,2-二氯乙烷，再进一步氯化成三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯，经蒸馏后，分别用NH3中和、洗涤、干燥，即得成品。b）氧氯化法以乙烯和氯加成生成1,2-二氯乙烷，1,2-二氯乙烷与氯、氧在以CuCl2和KCl为催化剂以及425℃、138-207kPa条件下进行氧氯化反应，产物经冷却、水洗、干燥后蒸馏，得高纯度产品。

2.烃类氧化法 将含甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丙烯等的烃类混合物于50-500℃氯化热解，得氯代烃类的混合物，精馏后分离成各种产品。

3.乙炔法乙炔和氯加热氯化生成1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷，用碱脱去氯化氢得三氯乙烯，再经氯化生成五氯乙烷，然后再用碱脱去氯化氢得四氯乙烯。因乙炔价昂，已逐步为乙烯法等代替。

4.制法 乙炔氯化后生成四氯乙烷，经碱解脱去HCl后成为三氯乙烯，再氯化则成为五氯乙烷，然后用氢氧化钙脱去HCl后即成为四氯乙烯。

为制备色谱纯四氯乙烯，可以氮气为载气，在装有SE30/白色硅藻土担体固定相柱的制备气相色谱仪上注入其粗品，经分离收集其主峰组分，然后装入玻璃安瓿瓶密封即可。

5.由五氯乙烷与石灰乳作用后脱氢而得。

海关

海关编码	2903230000
中文概述	2903230000 四氯乙烯。监管条件:X(有毒化学品环境管理放行通知单)。增值税率:17.0%。退税率:9.0%。最低关税:5.5%。普通关税:30.0%
申报要素	品名, 成分含量, 用途, 原产地证据文件及编号(例 附原产地证书, 原产于欧盟、美国的
监管条件	X.有毒化学品环境管理放行通知单
Summary	2903230000 perchloroethene。supervision conditions:x(environment control release notice for poisonous chemicals)。VAT:17.0%。tax rebate rate:9.0%。MFN tarrif:5.5%。general tariff:30.0%