98-01-1

98-01-1结构式

常用中文名：糠醛
常用英文名：Furfural
CAS号：98-01-1
分子式：C₅H₄O₂
分子量：96.084
相关类别：有机原料杂环化合物
发布时间：2018-02-04 08:00:00
更新时间：2024-01-02 10:03:20
用途一用作有机合成的原料，也用于合成树脂、清漆、农药、医药、橡胶和涂料等
用途二主要用作工业溶剂，用于制取糠醇、糠酸、四氢呋喃、γ-戊内酯、吡咯、四氢吡咯等
用途三用作分析试剂
用途四用于鞣制面革。宜存放于阴凉、通风的库房，避光保存，防止日光曝晒，远离火源。
用途五 GB 2760—96规定为允许使用的食品用香料；萃取溶剂。主要用于配制各种热加工型香精，如面包、奶油硬糖、咖啡等香精。
用途六糠醛是制备许多药物和工业产品的原料，呋喃经电解还原，还可制成丁二醛，为生产药物阿托品的原料。糠醛的一些衍生物具有很强的杀菌能力，抑菌谱相当宽广。例如糠醛经由5-硝基糠醛，再与盐酸氨基脲缩合得到呋喃西林，是一种消毒防腐药。糠醛是呋喃丙烯酸，糠胺反丁烯二酸，已二酸，糠醇等中间体的原料，广泛用于合成医药，农药，兽药，染料，香料，橡胶助剂，防腐剂等精细化学品。消费糠醛最多的领域是作为溶剂和合成树脂的原料。在用于合成树脂方面，可生产呋喃树脂，糠醛树脂和糠酮树脂等。呋喃树脂亦叫糠醇树脂，糠醛在高压下加氢生成糠醇，将糠醇聚合而得糠醇树脂。这种树脂具有很强的耐碱性，很高的耐热性和耐水性，可用作填缝树脂水泥，防腐衬里，粘结剂。糠醛作为溶剂，可有选择性地从石油，植物油中萃取其中的不饱和组分。用糠醛萃取润滑油和柴油中的芳香组分。提高这些产品质量。在合成橡胶生产中，用糠醛抽提纯化丁二烯和异戊二烯。糠醛能刺激皮肤和粘膜，空气中最高允许浓度为为5ppm。大鼠口服LD50为127mg/kg。
用途七检定钴，测定硫酸盐。测定芳香族胺、丙酮、生物碱、植物油和胆醇的试剂。测定戊糖和多戊糖做标准。合成树脂，精制有机物，硝化纤维溶剂，二氯乙烷萃取剂。

中文名	糠醛
英文名	furfural
中文别名	α-呋喃甲醛人造蚁油呋喃甲醛氧茂甲醛 2-呋喃甲醛
英文别名	Furan-2-carbaldehyde 2-Furancarbothioic acid,O-ethyl ester Furfural MFCD00003229 furfuryl-2-carboxaldehyde furan-2-ylcarbaldehyde 2-Furanecarbaldéhyde 2-Furfuraldehyde 2-furfural Furaldehyde furan-2-carbothioic acid O-ethyl ester furan-2-yl carboxaldehyde T5OJ BVH 2-furanaldehyde 2-Furancarboxaldehyde Furan-2-thiocarbonsaeure-O-ethylester EINECS 202-627-7 2-Furaldehyde Furfuraldehyde formylfuran 2-Furanaldehyd

密度	1.1±0.1 g/cm3
沸点	161.8±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
熔点	−36 °C(lit.)
分子式	C₅H₄O₂
分子量	96.084
闪点	58.3±0.0 °C
精确质量	96.021126
PSA	30.21000
LogP	0.73
外观性状	无色至微红的-棕色油性液体带有杏仁气味
蒸汽密度	3.31 (vs air)
蒸汽压	2.2±0.3 mmHg at 25°C
折射率	1.515
储存条件	储存注意事项储存于阴凉、通风的库房。库温不宜超过37℃。远离火种、热源。避光保存、包装要求密封，不可与空气接触。应与氧化剂、碱类、食用化学品分开存放，切忌混储。不宜大量储存或久存。采用防爆型照明、通风设施。禁止使用易产生火花的机械设备和工具。储区应备有泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。
稳定性	1.对金属无腐蚀性，可用铁、软钢、铜或铝制容器贮存。在空气中或遇光逐渐变为棕色，故应避光、充入惰性气体密封贮存。糠醛在氧气、空气、二氧化碳、氮气中放置40天后，生成氧化物(树脂状）的量分别为1.7%，0.3%，0.1%，0.05%。在糠醛中加入对羟基二苯胺、二苯胺、碘化镉、对苯二酚、连苯三酚或β-萘酚等，添加量0.1%即可有效地防止氧化。在糠醛中添加0.001%~0.1%的N-苯基取代脲、硫脲或萘胺，能够防止在60~170℃加热时生成树脂。 2.化学性质：糠醛具有醛的性质。例如与亚硫酸氢钠能生成加成化合物，氧化变成呋喃甲酸，还原得到糠醇。在浓氢氧化钾溶液中发生Cannizzaro反应，生成糠醇和呋喃甲酸。与氰化钾反应生成联糠醛（furoin）。与氨反应生成糠酰胺，与胺反应生成Schiff碱。将糠醛与钠石灰一起加热至350~400℃，或者用镍或氧化锌与铬，五氧化二钒作催化剂加热至200℃，转变成呋喃。精制的糠醛放置时，由于受到空气中氧的作用，发生分解、聚合等一系列复杂的反应，使颜色变深。加热或光照都能加速其分解、聚合反应。 3.稳定性稳定 4.禁配物强氧化剂、强碱 5.避免接触的条件受热、光照、接触空气 6.聚合危害聚合
水溶解性	8.3 g/100 mL
凝固点	-36.5℃
分子结构	1、摩尔折射率：25.30 2、摩尔体积（cm³/mol）：83.8 3、等张比容（90.2K）：206.3 4、表面张力（dyne/cm）：36.5 5、极化率：10.03
计算化学	1、疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）：0.4 2、氢键供体数量：0 3、氢键受体数量：2 4、可旋转化学键数量：1 5、互变异构体数量： 6、拓扑分子极性表面积（TPSA）：30.2 7、重原子数量：7 8、表面电荷：0 9、复杂度：70.5 10、同位素原子数量：0 11、确定原子立构中心数量：0 12、不确定原子立构中心数量：0 13、确定化学键立构中心数量：0 14、不确定化学键立构中心数量：0 15、共价键单元数量：1
更多	1.性状：无色至黄色油状液体，有杏仁样的气味。 2.熔点（℃）：-36.5 3.沸点（℃）：161.8 4.相对密度（水=1）：1.16 5.相对蒸气密度（空气=1）：3.31 6.饱和蒸气压（kPa）：0.27（20℃） 7.燃烧热（kJ/mol）：-2338.7 8.临界压力（MPa）：5.5 9.辛醇/水分配系数：0.41~0.69 10.闪点（℃）：60（CC） 11.引燃温度（℃）：315 12.爆炸上限（%）：19.3 13.爆炸下限（%）：2.1 14.溶解性：微溶于冷水，溶于热水、乙醇、乙醚、苯。 15.折射率（20ºC）：1.52608 16.折射率（25ºC）：1.52345 17.燃点（ºC）：490 18.蒸发热（KJ/mol）：43.25 19.熔化热（KJ/mol）：14.36 20.比热容（KJ/(kg·K),25ºC,定压）：1.64 21.溶度参数(J·cm^-3)^0.5：23.644 22.van der Waals面积（cm²·mol^-1）：6.120×10⁹ 23.van der Waals体积（cm³·mol^-1）：47.260 24.气相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol^-1)：-2388.2 25.气相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol^-1) ：-151.0 26.气相标准熵(J·mol^-1·K^-1) ：333.29 27.气相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol^-1)：-102.9 28.液相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol^-1)：-2337.6 29.液相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol^-1)：-201.6 30.液相标准熵(J·mol^-1·K^-1) ：217.99 31.液相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol^-1)：-119.1 32.液相标准热熔(J·mol^-1·K^-1) ：169.0

国标编号:	33581
ＣＡＳ:	98-01-1
中文名称:	糠醛
英文名称:	Furfural；2-furaldehyde
别名:	呋喃甲醛
分子式:	C₅H₄O₂；C₄H₃OCHO
分子量:	96.09
熔点:	-36.5℃ 沸点：161.1?
密度:	相对密度(水=1)1.16；
蒸汽压:	0.33kPa/25℃ 闪点：60℃
溶解性:	微溶于冷水，溶于热水、乙醇、乙醚、苯
稳定性:	稳定
外观与性状:	无色至黄色液体，有杏仁样的气味
危险标记:	7(易燃液体)
用途:	用作溶剂，以及作为合成香料、糠醇、四氢呋喃的中间体

2.对环境的影响:

一、健康危害

侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。健康危害：蒸气有强烈的刺激性，并有麻醉作用。动物吸入、摄入或经皮肤吸收均可引起急性中毒，表现有呼吸道刺激、肺水肿、肝损害、中枢神经系统损害、呼吸中枢麻痹，以致死亡。

二、毒理学资料及环境行为

毒性：属中等毒类。急性毒性：LD5065mg/kg(大鼠经口)；LC50153ppm 4小时(大鼠吸入)；人经口500mg/kg最小致死剂量。亚急性和慢性毒性：狗吸入507mg/m3，6小时/天，5天/周，肝脂肪变性；人吸入7.4～52.7mg/m3×3个月，发生粘膜刺激、结膜炎、流泪、头痛。致突变性：微粒体致突变：鼠伤寒沙门氏菌7ul/皿。细胞遗传学分析：仓鼠卵巢2500umol/L。

危险特性：遇明火、高热或与氧化剂接触，有引起燃烧爆炸的危险。受高热分解放出有毒的气体。若遇高热，容器内压增大，有开裂和爆炸的危险。燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳。

3.现场应急监测方法:

4.实验室监测方法:

空气中糖醛含量的测定：样品用活性炭或氧化铝吸附，再用气相色谱分析苯胺比色法《空气中有害物质的测定方法》(第二版)，杭士平主编盐酸苯胺比色法；气相色谱法《食品卫生理化检验标准手册》中国标准出版社

5.环境标准:

中国(TJ36-79)	车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度	10mg/m³
前苏联(1975)	居民区大气中最大允许浓度	0.05mg/m³(最大值；日均值)
前苏联(1975)	水体中有害物质最高允许浓度	1.0mg/L
	嗅觉阈浓度	1mg/m³

6.应急处理处置方法:

一、泄漏应急处理

迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区，并进行隔离，严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器，穿消防防护服。尽可能切断泄漏源，防止进入下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。小量泄漏：用砂士干燥石灰或苏打灰混合。也可以用大量水冲洗，洗水稀释后放入废水系统。大量泄漏：构筑围堤或挖坑收容；喷雾状水冷却和稀释蒸气、保护现场人员、把泄漏物稀释成不燃物。用防爆泵转移至槽车或专用收集器内，回收或运至废物处理场所处置。

二、防护措施

呼吸系统防护：可能接触其蒸气时，应该佩戴过滤式防毒面具(半面罩)。眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。身体防护：穿防静电工作服。手防护：戴防苯耐油手套。其它：工作现场严禁吸烟、进食和饮水。工作毕，沐浴更衣。保持良好的卫生习惯。

三、急救措施

皮肤接触：脱去被污染的衣着，用肥皂水和清水彻底冲洗皮肤。就医。眼睛接触：立即提起眼睑，用大量流动清水或生理盐水彻底冲洗至少15分钟。就医。吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难，给输氧。如呼吸停止，立即进行人工呼吸。就医。食入：饮足量温水，催吐，就医。

灭火方法：灭火剂：雾状水、泡沫、二氧化碳、干粉、砂土。用水灭火无效，但可用水保持火场中容器冷却。

毒理学数据:

1、急性毒性：小鼠经口LC50：425 mg/kg；大鼠吸入LD50：601mg/m3，4小时；小鼠腹腔LC50：1490 mg/kg；狗经口LD50：2300mg/kg；豚鼠经口541.7mg/kg；

2.急性毒性

LD50：65mg/kg（大鼠经口）

LC50：175ppm（大鼠吸入，6h）

3.刺激性

家兔经皮：500mg（24h），中度刺激。

家兔经眼：20mg（24h），重度刺激。

4.亚急性与慢性毒性狗吸入507mg/m³，每天6h，每周5d，共4周，产生肝脂肪变性。

5.致突变性微生物致突变：鼠伤寒沙门菌8094μg/皿。细胞遗传学分析：仓鼠卵巢2500μmol/L。DNA抑制：人HeLa细胞3mmol/L。姐妹染色单体交换：人淋巴细胞70μmol/L。程序外DNA合成：人类肝脏2nmol/L（24h）。

6.致癌性 IARC致癌性评论：G3，对人及动物致癌性证据不足。

生态学数据:

1.生态毒性

LC50：24~32mg/L（96h）（鱼）

IC50：2.7~31mg/L（72h）（藻类）

2.生物降解性 MITI-I测试，初始浓度100ppm，污泥浓度30ppm，2周后降解93.5%。

3.非生物降解性暂无资料

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: LT7000000

CHEMICAL NAME :: 2-Furaldehyde

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 98-01-1

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0105755

LAST UPDATED :: 199801

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 88

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C5-H4-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 96.09

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: T5OJ BVH

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 310 ug/m3

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 65 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 175 ppm/6H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 20 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 148 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - active as anti-cancer agent

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 370 ppm/6H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 102 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 119 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 152 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 950 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - ataxia Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 370 ppm/6H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 214 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 250 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 620 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 78 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 541 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Blood - hemorrhage

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Parenteral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :: 23 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 91 mg/kg/14D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other Enzymes

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 200 mg/m3/5H/12W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Autonomic Nervous System - sympathomimetic Endocrine - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 10140 ug/m3/24H/60D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/m3/4H/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in both tubules and glomeruli

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 75 mg/kg/6W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 33 mg/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Blood - normocytic anemia Blood - leukopenia

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 4800 mg/kg/16D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 4875 mg/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 30900 mg/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 90125 mg/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: Specific locus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :: Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Ovary

DOSE/DURATION :: 11700 ug/L

REFERENCE :: NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR,382,1990 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 7.9 mg/m3 (2 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,409,1995 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,409,1995 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,409,1995 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,120,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 2 ppm (8 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 2 ppm (7.9 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (40 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:STEL 2 ppm (8 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 2.5 ppm (9.8 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 2 ppm (8 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 2.5 ppm;STEL 10 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (40 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 2 ppm (8 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 2 ppm (8 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 34120 No. of Facilities: 333 (estimated) No. of Industries: 11 No. of Occupations: 30 No. of Employees: 5904 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 34120 No. of Facilities: 6447 (estimated) No. of Industries: 79 No. of Occupations: 66 No. of Employees: 135914 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 6706 (estimated)

符号	GHS06, GHS08
信号词	Danger
危害声明	H301 + H331-H312-H315-H319-H335-H351
警示性声明	P261-P280-P301 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338-P311
个人防护装备	Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter
危害码 (欧洲)	T:Toxic
风险声明 (欧洲)	R21;R23/25;R36/37;R40
安全声明 (欧洲)	S26-S36/37/39-S45-S1/2
危险品运输编码	UN 1199 6.1/PG 2
WGK德国	2
RTECS号	LT7000000
包装等级	II
危险类别	6.1
海关编码	2923900090

上游产品 10
613-75-2 98-00-0 2460-44-8 58-86-6
67421-75-4 50-69-1 5328-37-0 87-72-9
1453-62-9 6008-83-9
下游产品 10
1121-47-7 111252-81-4 101736-65-6 10496-51-2
893-00-5 105263-08-9 10504-11-7 111896-97-0
10530-89-9 34206-49-0

1.由富含戊聚糖的农产品废料，如玉米芯、棉籽壳、稻糠和甜菜渣等用稀酸水解、脱水并蒸馏而得。

2.糠醛最初从砻糠中得到，农副产品中多含多缩戊糖经水解脱水即生成糠醛。许多农作物的茎，皮，仔壳都含有多缩戊糖，因此都能用作制造糠醛的原料。生产时，将玉米芯，棉子壳或甘蔗渣等原料用硫酸和水蒸气处理，然后经水蒸气蒸馏，分层，减压蒸馏，即可得纯度达99%的产品。糠醛的收离与原料，酸的种类和浓度及其他条件有关，通常与理论收率相差较大。工业上制造糠醛主要有两种方法。加压法适合大规模生产，将原料与稀硫酸在加压下蒸煮，用高压或过热蒸汽带出反应产物，经分馏后得糖醛成品；常压法是将原料与食盐等无机盐及及稀硫酸共煮并同时蒸出糠醛。

3.将100kg玉米芯粉碎成0.5～1cm²的小块，加入25kg 90%的硫酸和125kg食盐与水配成水解液，使水解液的体积为玉米芯的2.5倍。玉米芯与水解液搅匀后，加热至沸，即开始馏出糠醛的稀溶液，冷凝收集于分离器中。静置1～2h分出水相得粗糠醛。用水蒸气蒸馏法精制，得纯品。

精制方法：糠醛放置时产生的酸性物质和树脂，可用水洗后减压蒸馏除去。也可用氯化钙、无水硫酸镁或无水硫酸钠干燥后再进行减压蒸馏。使用过的糠醛的回收方法是用水蒸气蒸馏后再分馏。其他的精制方法有在7%碳酸钠存在下蒸馏，馏出物加2%碳酸钠再蒸馏，最后在800Pa压力下减压分馏可得纯品。

海关编码	2932120000
中文概述	2932120000 2-糠醛。监管条件:B(出境货物通关单)。增值税率:17.0%。退税率:9.0%。最低关税:6.0%。普通关税:20.0%
申报要素	品名, 成分含量, 用途
监管条件	B.出境货物通关单
检验检疫	N.出口商品检验
Summary	2932120000 furan-2-carbaldehyde。supervision conditions:b(certificate of inspection for goods outward)。VAT:17.0%。tax rebate rate:9.0%。MFN tarrif:6.0%。general tariff:20.0%

98-01-1	1121-47-7
552-86-3	17080-02-3
498-60-2	7681-84-7
1219803-80-1	623-15-4
53599-40-9	1899-24-7
1158522-08-7	940364-43-2
134104-43-1	131615-57-1
6906-52-1	1156706-14-7
930439-75-1	1018584-77-4
1375289-11-4	849349-65-1