7440-69-9

• 常用中文名：铋
• 常用英文名：Bismuth
• CAS号：7440-69-9
• 分子式：Bi
• 分子量：208.98000
• 相关类别： 无机化工 单质
• 发布时间：2018-02-14 08:00:00
• 更新时间：2024-01-02 15:36:36
• 1.主要用于制备化合物半导体材料、热电制冷材料、焊料以及核反应堆中的液态冷却载体等。
  2.用于半导体高纯材料、高纯铋化合物的制备。用作原子反应堆的冷却剂。
  3.主要用于医药、低熔点合金、保险丝、玻璃和陶瓷，也是生产橡胶的催化剂。铋的化合物在医药上的应用具有良好的前景，能抑制癌细胞的生长与繁殖，可用于癌症的放射性治疗，铋化合物还具有止泻、防腐作用。用作阻燃剂，氧化铋配置的铋系阻燃剂与锑系阻燃剂相比，安全无毒。用作促进白口铁孕育剂，只须添加微量铋，就可显著改善锻铸铁的化学成分和锻造性能，提高机械性能。易切削不锈钢中加入铋，可代替有毒的铅和硫，同时改善了钢的切削性能。铋与铅、锡、镉、铟等金属组成二元素系或多元素系合金，用于电气、蒸汽、消防、火灾报警装置的保险材料和热敏元件，铋与铅、锡、碲组成的印刷合金、精密铸型合金、焊料等合金性能优良，铋合金制的冷冲压模具成型快，强度接近钢模，已用于汽车行业。此外，铋还可用于充电电池、微型锂电池、半导体制冷器、核辐射探测器、X射线扫描仪、电光、压电、激光等方面。高纯铋在核工业中用于反应堆中的冷却剂或载热体及原子裂变装置防护材料。
  4.用于制备化合物半导体材料、电子制冷元件和反应堆液态冷却载体等。
  5.主要用于医药、低熔点合金、保险丝、玻璃和陶瓷，也用作生产橡胶的催化剂。
  
  
  

名称

• 中文名: 铋
• 英文名: bismuth atom
• 中文别名: 铋粉
• 英文别名: UNII-U015TT5I8H; Bismuth; EINECS 231-177-4; MFCD00134033

物化性质

• 密度: 9.8 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• 沸点: 1560 °C(lit.)
• 熔点: 271 °C(lit.)
• 分子式: Bi
• 分子量: 208.98000
• 精确质量: 208.98000
• 外观性状: 银色-灰色或微红的金属,或黑色粉末
• 蒸汽压: <0.1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
• 储存条件:

  应贮存在阴凉、通风、干燥、清洁的库房内。

• 稳定性: 在常温下稳定，加热则呈淡蓝色火焰而燃烧，并生成黄色或褐色氧化铋。熔融的金属经凝结后体积增大。避免与氧化物、卤素、酸、卤间化合物接触。

  在没有空气存在时不溶于盐酸，通入空气可缓慢地发生溶解。由液态到固态时体积增大，膨胀率为 3.3％。质脆易粉碎，导电导热性差。加热时能与溴、碘反应。室温下，铋不与氧气或水反应，加热到熔点以上时能燃烧生成三氧化二铋。铋的硒化物和碲化物具有半导体性质。

• 水溶解性: insoluble
• 计算化学:

  1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:无

  2.氢键供体数量:0

  3.氢键受体数量:0

  4.可旋转化学键数量:0

  5.互变异构体数量:无

  6.拓扑分子极性表面积0

  7.重原子数量:1

  8.表面电荷:0

  9.复杂度:0

  10.同位素原子数量:0

  11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

  12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

  13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

  14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

  15.共价键单元数量:1

• 更多:

  1. 性状：银白色或微红色金属，有金属光泽，性脆质硬，斜方晶系粗粒结晶。

  2. 密度（g/mL,20℃）：9.80

  3. 相对蒸汽密度（g/mL,空气=1）：未确定

  4. 熔点（ºC）：271.4

  5. 沸点（ºC,常压）：1560±5 6. 沸点（ºC,5.2kPa）：未确定

  7. 折射率：未确定

  8. 闪点（ºC）：未确定

  9. 比旋光度（º）：未确定

  10. 自燃点或引燃温度（ºC）：未确定

  11. 蒸气压（mmHg,20ºC）：<0.1

  12. 饱和蒸气压（kPa,ºC）：未确定

  13. 燃烧热（KJ/mol）：未确定

  14. 临界温度（ºC）：未确定

  15. 临界压力（KPa）：未确定

  16. 油水（辛醇/水）分配系数的对数值：未确定

  17. 爆炸上限（%,V/V）：未确定

  18. 爆炸下限（%,V/V）：未确定

  19. 溶解性：溶于热硫酸，硝酸、王水，缓慢溶于热盐酸，不溶于水。在常温下稳定，加热则呈淡蓝色火焰而燃烧，并生成黄色或褐色氧化铋。熔融金属经凝结后体积增大。

MSDS

SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking Product identifiers Product name: Bismuth REACH No.: A registration number is not available for this substance as the substance or its uses are exempted from registration, the annual tonnage does not require a registration or the registration is envisaged for a later registration deadline. CAS-No.: 7440-69-9 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Identified uses: Laboratory chemicals, Manufacture of substances SECTION 2: Hazards identification Classification of the substance or mixture Not a hazardous substance or mixture according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008. This substance is not classified as dangerous according to Directive 67/548/EEC. Label elements The product does not need to be labelled in accordance with EC directives or respective national laws. Other hazards - none SECTION 3: Composition/information on ingredients Substances Formula: Bi Molecular Weight: 208,98 g/mol CAS-No.: 7440-69-9 EC-No.: 231-177-4 No components need to be disclosed according to the applicable regulations. SECTION 4: First aid measures Description of first aid measures If inhaled If breathed in, move person into fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. In case of skin contact Wash off with soap and plenty of water. In case of eye contact Flush eyes with water as a precaution. If swallowed Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water. Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed The most important known symptoms and effects are described in the labelling (see section 2.2) and/or in section 11 Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed no data available SECTION 5: Firefighting measures Extinguishing media Suitable extinguishing media Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture Bismuth oxides Advice for firefighters Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary. Further information no data available SECTION 6: Accidental release measures Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. For personal protection see section 8. Environmental precautions No special environmental precautions required. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal. Reference to other sections For disposal see section 13. SECTION 7: Handling and storage Precautions for safe handling Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. For precautions see section 2.2. Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities Store in cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Specific end use(s) Apart from the uses mentioned in section 1.2 no other specific uses are stipulated SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection Control parameters Components with workplace control parameters Exposure controls Appropriate engineering controls General industrial hygiene practice. Personal protective equipment Eye/face protection Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU). Skin protection Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands. The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of EU Directive 89/686/EEC and the standard EN 374 derived from it. Full contact Material: Nitrile rubber Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm Break through time: 480 min Material tested:Dermatril® (KCL 740 / Z677272, Size M) Splash contact Material: Nitrile rubber Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm Break through time: 480 min Material tested:Dermatril® (KCL 740 / Z677272, Size M) data source: KCL GmbH, D-36124 Eichenzell, phone +49 (0)6659 87300, test method: EN374 If used in solution, or mixed with other substances, and under conditions which differ from EN 374, contact the supplier of the CE approved gloves. This recommendation is advisory only and must be evaluated by an industrial hygienist and safety officer familiar with the specific situation of anticipated use by our customers. It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario. Body Protection Choose body protection in relation to its type, to the concentration and amount of dangerous substances, and to the specific work-place., The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace. Respiratory protection Respiratory protection is not required. Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired, use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU). Control of environmental exposure No special environmental precautions required. SECTION 9: Physical and chemical properties Information on basic physical and chemical properties a) AppearanceForm: granular Colour: light grey b) Odourodourless c) Odour Thresholdno data available d) pHno data available e) Melting point/freezingMelting point/range: 271 °C pointMelting point/range: 272 °C f) Initial boiling point and 1.560 °C boiling range g) Flash pointno data available h) Evapouration rateno data available i) Flammability (solid, gas) no data available j) Upper/lowerno data available flammability or explosive limits k) Vapour pressure< 0,1 hPa at 20 °C l) Vapour densityno data available m) Relative density9,8 g/mL at 25 °C n) Water solubilityinsoluble o) Partition coefficient: n- no data available octanol/water p) Auto-ignitionno data available temperature q) Decompositionno data available temperature r) Viscosityno data available s) Explosive propertiesno data available t) Oxidizing propertiesno data available Other safety information no data available SECTION 10: Stability and reactivity Reactivity no data available Chemical stability Stable under recommended storage conditions. Possibility of hazardous reactions no data available Conditions to avoid no data available Incompatible materials Oxidizing agents, Halogens, acids Hazardous decomposition products Other decomposition products - no data available In the event of fire: see section 5 SECTION 11: Toxicological information Information on toxicological effects Acute toxicity LD50 Oral - rat - male and female - 2.000 mg/kg (OECD Test Guideline 401) Skin corrosion/irritation no data available Serious eye damage/eye irritation no data available Respiratory or skin sensitisation no data available Germ cell mutagenicity no data available Carcinogenicity IARC:No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC. Reproductive toxicity no data available Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure no data available Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure no data available Aspiration hazard no data available Additional Information Repeated dose toxicity - rat - male and female - Gavage - No observed adverse effect level - 1.000 mg/kg RTECS: EB2600000 Kidney disorders, Liver disorders, Dermatitis SECTION 12: Ecological information Toxicity Toxicity to daphnia and static test EC50 - Daphnia magna (Water flea) - > 100 mg/l - 48 h other aquatic(OECD Test Guideline 202) invertebrates Persistence and degradability no data available Bioaccumulative potential no data available Mobility in soil no data available Results of PBT and vPvB assessment PBT/vPvB assessment not available as chemical safety assessment not required/not conducted Other adverse effects no data available SECTION 13: Disposal considerations Waste treatment methods Product Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging Dispose of as unused product. SECTION 14: Transport information UN number ADR/RID: -IMDG: -IATA: - UN proper shipping name ADR/RID: Not dangerous goods IMDG: Not dangerous goods IATA:Not dangerous goods Transport hazard class(es) ADR/RID: -IMDG: -IATA: - Packaging group ADR/RID: -IMDG: -IATA: - Environmental hazards ADR/RID: noIMDG Marine pollutant: noIATA: no Special precautions for user no data available SECTION 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION N/A SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION N/A

毒性和生态

毒理学数据: 1、急性毒性：大鼠经口LD50：5 mg/kg；人LDLo：221mg/kg；小鼠经口LD50：10mg/kg；兔子LDLo：535mg/kg 可引起肾及肝中毒，牙床、颊部、结肠黏膜出现黑点，并有口臭、多涎、口表面皮炎，皮肤和黏膜出现蓝色铋线。 生态学数据: 通常来说对水是没有危害的。 CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION RTECS NUMBER : EB2600000 CHEMICAL NAME : Bismuth CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 7440-69-9 LAST UPDATED : 199712 DATA ITEMS CITED : 11 MOLECULAR FORMULA : Bi MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 208.98 HEALTH HAZARD DATA ACUTE TOXICITY DATA TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man DOSE/DURATION : 221 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : 85DCAI "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970 Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,73,1970 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 5 gm/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI Volume(issue)/page/year: 30(6),16,1986 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 10 gm/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI Volume(issue)/page/year: 30(6),16,1986 TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : 535 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - food intake (animal) Behavioral - coma Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume decreased REFERENCE : JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 28,121,1926 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ADSYAF Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology. (Chicago, IL) V.1-62, 1920-50. For publisher information, see ARDEAC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 26,797,1932 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW PTPAD4 Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Part A: Chemotherapy, Toxicology and Metabolic Inhibitors. (Oxford, UK) V.1-2, 1976-78. For publisher information, see PHTHDT. Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,153,1976 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 12783 No. of Facilities: 365 (estimated) No. of Industries: 11 No. of Occupations: 35 No. of Employees: 20336 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 12783 No. of Facilities: 451 (estimated) No. of Industries: 14 No. of Occupations: 34 No. of Employees: 14666 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 4387 (estimated)

安全

• 符号: GHS02
• 信号词: Danger
• 危害声明: H228
• 警示性声明: P210-P370 + P378
• 个人防护装备: Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter
• 危害码 (欧洲): F:Flammable
• 风险声明 (欧洲): R11
• 安全声明 (欧洲): S16-S45-S36/37/39-S26
• 危险品运输编码: UN 3264 8/PG 3
• WGK德国: 1
• RTECS号: EB2600000
• 包装等级: III
• 危险类别: 8
• 海关编码: 8106009090

合成路线

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制备

金属铋用碳还原三氧化二铋制得，可用火法精炼和电解精炼制得高纯铋。

铋与锑一样伴生在铜、锌、金、银、镍及钴的矿石中。重要的矿石为辉铋矿Bi2S3。铋可以利用与锑几乎相同的炼制方法获得69%～95%的粗铋。粗铋的精炼有干法及湿法。

干法是：将粗铋与灼热的木炭一起在低温下熔融的熔解分离法，以及按粗铋中所含铅量加入碱式氧化锑与氢氧化钠、氯化钠、氯化钾的混合物一起熔融的助熔剂精炼法。另外，也有用氯气处理粗铋除铅及除锌的方法。这些方法，可以得到纯度99.999%以上的铋。

在湿式精炼法中，以硝酸氧化铋的沉淀法、电解法较好。用区域熔融法可以得到更高纯度的铋。

以金属铋为原料，经区域熔融法精制，制得高纯铋成品。
以天然气和石油馏分为原料，在耐火室内采取紊流扩散进行部分燃烧。

海关

海关编码	8106009090