31566-31-1

• 常用中文名：单硬脂酸甘油酯
• 常用英文名：GLYCEROL STEARATE
• CAS号：31566-31-1
• 分子式：C₂₁H₄₂O₄
• 分子量：358.556
• 相关类别： 食品添加剂 乳化剂
• 发布时间：2018-06-27 12:03:44
• 更新时间：2024-01-02 12:53:40
• 【用途一】
  作W/O型乳化剂，我国规定可用于各类食品，按生产需要适量使用。
  【用途二】
  该品为乳化剂。在作食品添加剂的应用方面，以面包、饼干、糕点等的使用量最大，其次是造奶油、黄油、冰淇淋。在医药制品中作为赋形剂，用于中性药膏的配制；在日用化学品中，用于配制雪花膏、冰霜、哈蜊油等。还用作油类和蜡类的溶剂，吸湿性粉末保护剂和不透明遮光剂。甘油和脂肪酸反应生成的甘油脂肪酸酯，有单酯、二酯、三酯，三酯就是油脂，完全没有乳化能力。一般可利用单酯、二酯的混合物，也可蒸馏精制得到单酯含量约为90%的产品。采用的脂肪酸，可以是硬脂酸、棕榈酸、肉豆蔻酸、油酸、亚油酸等。但在多数情况下采用以硬脂酸为主要成分的混合脂肪酸。

名称

• 中文名: 单硬脂酸甘油酯
• 英文名: Glyceryl monostearate
• 中文别名: 甘油单硬脂酸酯
• 英文别名: EINECS 204-664-4; Octadecanoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol; 2-stearoylglycerol; MFCD00036186; 1,3-Dihydroxy-2-propanyl stearate; Glycerin monostearate; GLYCEROL STEARATE; Octadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester; 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl stearate; 1,3-Dihydroxypropan-2-yl stearate; glycerol monostearate; 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl octadecanoate; 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl octadecanoate

物化性质

• 密度: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
• 沸点: 485.7±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
• 熔点: 78-81 °C
• 分子式: C₂₁H₄₂O₄
• 分子量: 358.556
• 闪点: 155.6±16.7 °C
• 精确质量: 358.308319
• PSA: 66.76000
• LogP: 7.46
• 外观性状: 白色至奶油色片/珠子
• 蒸汽压: 0.0±2.8 mmHg at 25°C
• 折射率: 1.469
• 储存条件:

  塑料桶或木桶包装，贮存于阴凉通风的库房中。

• 稳定性:

  1.如果遵照规格使用和储存则不会分解，未有已知危险反应，避免氧化物。不溶于水，分散于热水中。

  2.溶于热乙醇、矿物油、苯、丙酮和醚等热的有机溶剂中。有良好的乳化性。

• 分子结构:

  1、 摩尔折射率：104.14

  2、 摩尔体积（cm³/mol）：374.0

  3、 等张比容（90.2K）：923.2

  4、 表面张力（dyne/cm）：37.1

  5、 介电常数：

  6、 偶极距（10^-24cm³）：

  7、 极化率：41.28

• 计算化学:

  1、 疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）：7.4

  2、 氢键供体数量：2

  3、 氢键受体数量：4

  4、 可旋转化学键数量：20

  5、 互变异构体数量：

  6、 拓扑分子极性表面积（TPSA）：66.8

  7、 重原子数量：25

  8、 表面电荷：0

  9、 复杂度：281

  10、同位素原子数量：0

  11、确定原子立构中心数量：0

  12、不确定原子立构中心数量：1

  13、确定化学键立构中心数量：0

  14、不确定化学键立构中心数量：0

  15、共价键单元数量：1

• 更多:

  1. 性状：白色至淡乳色的蜡状固体，具有刺激性和好闻的脂肪气味，无毒，可燃。

  2. 密度（g/mL,20℃）：0.97

  3. 相对蒸汽密度（g/mL,空气=1）：未确定

  4. 熔点（ºC）：58-59

  5. 沸点（ºC,常压）：未确定

  6. 沸点（ºC,KPa）：未确定

  7. 折射率：未确定

  8. 闪点（ºC）：未确定

  9. 比旋光度（º）：未确定

  10. 自燃点或引燃温度（ºC）：未确定

  11. 蒸气压（Pa,20ºC）：未确定

  12. 饱和蒸气压（KPa,20ºC）：未确定

  13. 燃烧热（KJ/mol）：未确定

  14. 临界温度（ºC）：未确定

  15. 临界压力（KPa）：未确定

  16. 油水（辛醇/水）分配系数的对数值：未确定

  17. 爆炸上限（%,V/V）：未确定

  18. 爆炸下限（%,V/V）：未确定

  19. 溶解性：在水和醇中几乎不溶，可分散在热水中，极易溶于热的醇、石油和烃类中。

MSDS

Section 1. Chemical Product and Company Identification Glyceryl MonostearateCatalog GL153, GL155, GL141, Common Name/ Number(s). GL149 Trade Name Glyceryl Monostearate Section 4. First Aid Measures Eye ContactCheck for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention if irritation occurs. Skin ContactWash with soap and water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Get medical attention if irritation develops. Serious Skin ContactNot available. InhalationIf inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention. Serious InhalationNot available. IngestionDo NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If large quantities of this material are swallowed, call a physician immediately. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Serious IngestionNot available. Section 5. Fire and Explosion Data Flammability of the Product May be combustible at high temperature. Auto-Ignition Temperature Not available. Flash PointsOPEN CUP: >260°C (500°F) (Cleveland.). Flammable LimitsNot available. Products of CombustionThese products are carbon oxides (CO, CO2). Fire Hazards in Presence of Slightly flammable to flammable in presence of heat. Various SubstancesNon-flammable in presence of shocks. Explosion Hazards in Presence Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Risks of explosion of the product in presence of static discharge: Not available. of Various Substances SMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder. Fire Fighting Media and InstructionsLARGE FIRE: Use water spray, fog or foam. Do not use water jet. Not available. Special Remarks on Fire Hazards Special Remarks on Explosion Not available. Hazards Section 6. Accidental Release Measures Small SpillUse appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste disposal container. Finish cleaning by spreading water on the contaminated surface and dispose of according to local and regional authority requirements. Large SpillUse a shovel to put the material into a convenient waste disposal container. Finish cleaning by spreading water on the contaminated surface and allow to evacuate through the sanitary system. Glyceryl Monostearate Section 7. Handling and Storage PrecautionsKeep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material. Do not breathe dust. StorageKeep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Sensitive to light. Store in light-resistant containers. Section 8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection Engineering ControlsUse process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below recommended exposure limits. If user operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to airborne contaminants below the exposure limit. Personal Protection Safety glasses. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves. Personal Protection in Case of Splash goggles. Full suit. Dust respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used a Large Spillto avoid inhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE handling this product. Exposure LimitsNot available. Section 9. Physical and Chemical Properties Physical state and appearance Solid. (Flakes solid. Waxy solid.)OdorNot available. TasteNot available. Molecular Weight358.63 g/mole ColorWhite. Off-white. pH (1% soln/water)Not available. Boiling Point>260°C (500°F) Melting Point58°C (136.4°F) Critical TemperatureNot available. Not available. Specific Gravity Vapor PressureNot applicable. Vapor DensityNot available. VolatilityNot available. Odor ThresholdNot available. Not available. Water/Oil Dist. Coeff. Ionicity (in Water)Not available. Not available. Dispersion Properties SolubilityInsoluble in cold water, hot water. Section 10. Stability and Reactivity Data StabilityThe product is stable. Not available. Instability Temperature Conditions of InstabilityExcess heat, incompatible materials, light Incompatibility with variousNot available. substances CorrosivityNot available. Glyceryl Monostearate Special Remarks onLight sensitive. Reactivity Special Remarks onNot available. Corrosivity PolymerizationWill not occur. Section 11. Toxicological Information Routes of EntryInhalation. Ingestion. Toxicity to AnimalsAcute oral toxicity (LD50): >12800 mg/kg [Rat]. Chronic Effects on Humans Not available. Other Toxic Effects onSlightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Humans Special Remarks onNot available. Toxicity to Animals Special Remarks onNot available. Chronic Effects on Humans Special Remarks on otherAcute Potential Health Effects: Toxic Effects on HumansMay cause skin, eye, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract irritation Section 12. Ecological Information EcotoxicityNot available. BOD5 and CODNot available. Products of BiodegradationPossibly hazardous short term degradation products are not likely. However, long term degradation products may arise. The product itself and its products of degradation are not toxic. Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation Special Remarks on theNot available. Products of Biodegradation Section 13. Disposal Considerations Waste DisposalWaste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control regulations. Section 14. Transport Information DOT ClassificationNot a DOT controlled material (United States). IdentificationNot applicable. Special Provisions forNot applicable. Transport DOT (Pictograms) Glyceryl Monostearate Section 15. Other Regulatory Information and Pictograms TSCA 8(b) inventory: Glyceryl Monostearate Federal and State FDA: Direct Food Additives GRAS list (21CFR 184.1324): Listed as Glyceryl Monostearate Regulations FDA: Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS) list: Listed as Glyceryl Monostearate FEMA: Generally Recognized as Safe List: Listed as Glyceryl Monostearate California prop. 65: This product contains the following ingredients for which the State of California has found California to cause cancer which would require a warning under the statute: No products were found. Proposition 65 Warnings California prop. 65: This product contains the following ingredients for which the State of California has found to cause birth defects which would require a warning under the statute: No products were found. Other RegulationsEINECS: This product is on the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS No. 250-705-4). Canada: Listed on Canadian Domestic Substance List (DSL). China: Listed on National Inventory. Japan: Not listed on National Inventory (ENCS). Korea: Listed on National Inventory (KECI). Philippines: Listed on National Inventory (PICCS). Australia: Listed on AICS. Other ClassificationsWHMIS (Canada) Not controlled under WHMIS (Canada). DSCL (EEC)This product is not classified according Not applicable. to the EU regulations. Health Hazard HMIS (U.S.A.)1 National Fire Protection 1 Flammability 1 Association (U.S.A.) Fire Hazard 1 0 Reactivity Health Reactivity 0 Specific hazard Personal Protection E WHMIS (Canada) (Pictograms) DSCL (Europe) (Pictograms) TDG (Canada) (Pictograms) ADR (Europe) (Pictograms) Protective Equipment Gloves. Lab coat. Glyceryl Monostearate Dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION N/A

毒性和生态

毒理学数据: 1、急性毒性：小鼠腹腔LC50：200mg/kg 生态学数据: 通常对水是稍微有危害的，若无政府许可，勿将材料排入周围环境。 CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION RTECS NUMBER : RG1925000 CHEMICAL NAME : Octadecanoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 31566-31-1 LAST UPDATED : 199712 DATA ITEMS CITED : 6 MOLECULAR FORMULA : C21-H42-O4 MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 358.63 WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : Q1YQYQOV17 HEALTH HAZARD DATA ACUTE TOXICITY DATA TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 200 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: AD277-689 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 10 mg/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 82942 No. of Facilities: 7090 (estimated) No. of Industries: 44 No. of Occupations: 73 No. of Employees: 159230 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 82942 No. of Facilities: 2638 (estimated) No. of Industries: 41 No. of Occupations: 68 No. of Employees: 110894 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 66857 (estimated)

安全

• 危害码 (欧洲): Xi
• WGK德国: 1
• 海关编码: 2915709000

制备

1、 由甘油与硬脂酸酯化而得。将硬脂酸、甘油和氢氧化钠加入反应锅内，加热熔融后开动搅拌，通入氮气。加热，在185℃反应7h，反应结束时pH应小于5。降温出料，得甘油单硬脂酸酯。每吨产品消耗硬脂大于82kg，甘油（95%以上）235kg。

2、 直接酯化法
硬脂酸和甘油按1：(1.2～1.3)的摩尔比，在0.2%的酸性催化剂作用下，在180～250℃：反应2～4h；反应物速冷至100℃，加碱中和催化剂，用水洗涤后得含单酯40%～60%的产品。
酯交换法
硬脂酸甘油酯与甘油在0.06%～0.1%的Cu(OH)2存在下，在170～240℃反应1～2h，反应过程中通入氮气进行保护，反应物经减压脱臭、酸中和、精制后得到含单酯40%～60%的产品。
缩水甘油皂化法
缩水甘油与硬脂酸在四乙基碘化铵的催化下，在100～130℃反应30～70min，反应物精制后可得含单酯80%～90%的产品。
环氧氯丙烷相转移催化法
环氧氯丙烷与硬脂酸钠(2：1，摩尔比)在甲苯中，在相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵的催化下，在90～110℃反应2h；反应物用氯化钠溶液洗涤，分取有机相，蒸馏除去甲苯和未反应的环氧氯丙烷得硬脂酸缩水甘油酯，将其用0.1mol/L的NaOH溶液水解，经分离、干燥，用正己烷重结晶得产品，单酯含量在90%以上。含量40%～60%的单酯产品经分子蒸馏可得到90%以上的高浓度产品。 硬脂酸和甘油、催化剂加入反应釜中进行醇解反应后，降温，中和催化剂，除去未反应甘油，经压片或喷雾干燥制得。 3. 硬脂酸和甘油、催化剂加入反应釜中进行醇解反应后，除去未反应甘油，经压片或喷雾干燥制得。 4. 将原料硬化油熔化后加入醇解釜内即开始升温,升温至110℃时加入配比量的甘油和碱性催化剂,继续升温至210℃时记反应时间,控制升温速度,在2~3 h内升温至22℃时反应结束。然后急速降温至120℃放料。整个过程用时5~6 h。可制得单甘酯5 0% ( 5 2%~5 4%)以上的反应混合物。将粗单甘酯经精馏可制得精单甘酯。

海关

海关编码	2915709000
中文概述	2915709000. 棕榈酸及其盐和酯、硬脂酸盐、酯. 增值税率:17.0%. 退税率:13.0%. 监管条件:无. 最惠国关税:5.5%. 普通关税:30.0%
申报要素	品名, 成分含量, 用途, 硬脂酸和软脂酸的含量
Summary	2915709000. palmitic acid and its salts and esters. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:5.5%. General tariff:30.0%