毒理学数据:
小鼠经口LD50:72mg·kg-1。 对眼睛、皮肤、黏膜和上呼吸道有刺激作用。吸入可引起化学性肺炎和肺水肿。误服可引起急性胃肠刺激症状,慢性影响对肾、肺有损害作用。 应防止分散的粉尘在车间空气中燃烧,空气中最高容许浓度0.1mg/m3。
生态学数据:
对水是极其危害的,即使是少量产品渗入地下也会对饮用水造成危害,若无政府许可勿将产品排入周围环境。对水中有机物有危害
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
-
RTECS NUMBER :
-
EV1925000
-
CHEMICAL NAME :
-
Cadmium oxide
-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
-
1306-19-0
-
LAST UPDATED :
-
199806
-
DATA ITEMS CITED :
-
70
-
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
-
Cd-O
-
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
-
128.40
-
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
-
CD O
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
8630 ug/m3/5H
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
REFERENCE :
-
YAKUD5 Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. (Yakugyo Jihosha, Inaoka Bldg., 2-36 Jinbo-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,455,1980
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human - man
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
500 ug/m3/5Y-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - change in sensation of smell Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - proteinuria
-
REFERENCE :
-
QJMEA7 Quarterly Journal of Medicine. (Oxford Univ. Press, Walton St., Oxford OX2 6DP, UK) V.1- 1932- Volume(issue)/page/year: 38,425,1969
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human - man
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
40 ug/m3
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Cardiac - change in rate Vascular - BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes
-
REFERENCE :
-
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 45(10),22,1980
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
72 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
REFERENCE :
-
YAKUD5 Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. (Yakugyo Jihosha, Inaoka Bldg., 2-36 Jinbo-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,455,1980
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intraperitoneal
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
12 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
REFERENCE :
-
ZDKAA8 Zdravookhranenie Kazakhstana. Public Health of Kazakhstan. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year: 38(9),18,1978
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intravenous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
25 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
REFERENCE :
-
85PDAD "Evaluation of the Impact of Cadmium on the Health of Man", Oxford, UK. Pergamon Press Ltd., 1978 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,67,1978
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
72 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
REFERENCE :
-
41HTAH "Aktual'nye Problemy Gigieny Truda. Current Problems of Labor Hygiene," Tarasenko, N.Y., ed., Moscow, Pervyi Moskovskii Meditsinskii Inst., 1978 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,14,1978
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
250 mg/m3/2H
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
REFERENCE :
-
85PDAD "Evaluation of the Impact of Cadmium on the Health of Man", Oxford, UK. Pergamon Press Ltd., 1978 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,67,1978
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Subcutaneous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
94 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
REFERENCE :
-
85PDAD "Evaluation of the Impact of Cadmium on the Health of Man", Oxford, UK. Pergamon Press Ltd., 1978 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,67,1978
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Mammal - dog
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
4 gm/m3/10M
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
REFERENCE :
-
85PDAD "Evaluation of the Impact of Cadmium on the Health of Man", Oxford, UK. Pergamon Press Ltd., 1978 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,67,1978
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Primate - monkey
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
1500 mg/m3/10M
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
REFERENCE :
-
85PDAD "Evaluation of the Impact of Cadmium on the Health of Man", Oxford, UK. Pergamon Press Ltd., 1978 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,67,1978
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rabbit
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
2500 mg/m3/10M
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
REFERENCE :
-
85PDAD "Evaluation of the Impact of Cadmium on the Health of Man", Oxford, UK. Pergamon Press Ltd., 1978 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,67,1978
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - guinea pig
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
3500 mg/m3/10M
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
REFERENCE :
-
85PDAD "Evaluation of the Impact of Cadmium on the Health of Man", Oxford, UK. Pergamon Press Ltd., 1978 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,67,1978
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Mammal - species unspecified
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
72 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
REFERENCE :
-
HYSAAV Hygiene and Sanitation (USSR). English translation of GISAAA. (Springfield, VA) 1964-71. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 33(7-9),187,1968 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
156 ug/kg/26W-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - proteinuria Blood - other changes Musculoskeletal - other changes
-
REFERENCE :
-
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 52(6),70,1987
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
23 ug/m3/24H/20W-C
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - proteinuria Musculoskeletal - osteoporosis Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in calcium
-
REFERENCE :
-
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 52(5),85,1987
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
57 ug/m3/90D-C
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - changes in lung weight Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases
-
REFERENCE :
-
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,231,1978
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
300 ug/m3/6H/2W-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Cardiac - changes in heart weight Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight
-
REFERENCE :
-
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NIH-95-3388
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
300 ug/m3/6H/2W-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - changes in lung weight
-
REFERENCE :
-
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NIH-95-3388
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
50 ug/m3/6H/13W-C
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Endocrine - changes in spleen weight Endocrine - changes in thymus weight
-
REFERENCE :
-
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NIH-95-3388 ** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Subcutaneous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
90 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
-
REFERENCE :
-
BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,190,1966 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
DOSE :
-
21640 ug/kg
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 1-19 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - maternal-fetal exchange Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
-
REFERENCE :
-
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 50(8),11,1985
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
DOSE :
-
21640 ug/kg
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 1-19 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)
-
REFERENCE :
-
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 50(8),11,1985
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
DOSE :
-
183 ug/m3/5H
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 21 week(s) pre-mating female 1-20 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)
-
REFERENCE :
-
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,53,1984
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
DOSE :
-
23 ug/m3/5H
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 21 week(s) pre-mating female 1-20 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
-
REFERENCE :
-
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,53,1984
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
DOSE :
-
91 ug/m3
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 1-19 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
-
REFERENCE :
-
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI Volume(issue)/page/year: 31(8),25,1987
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
DOSE :
-
2 mg/m3/6H
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 4-19 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
-
REFERENCE :
-
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NIH-95-3388
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
DOSE :
-
16 ug/m3/24H
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 1-21 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)
-
REFERENCE :
-
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 46(10),13,1981
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
DOSE :
-
2 mg/m3/6H
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 4-17 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
-
REFERENCE :
-
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NIH-95-3388
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
DOSE :
-
500 ug/m3/6H
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 4-17 day(s) after conception
-
REFERENCE :
-
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NIH-95-3388 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.01 mg(Cd)/m3, inhalable dust DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.002 mg(Cd)/m3, respirable dust DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-Suspected human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,74,1973 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,39,1976 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,119,1993 IARC Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,39,1976 IARC Cancer Review:Human Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,119,1993 IARC Cancer Review:Group 1 IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,119,1993 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,105,1971 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW PEXTAR Progress in Experimental Tumor Research. (S. Karger AG, Postfach CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,102,1969 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AMPMAR Archives des Maladies Professionnelles de Medecine du Travail et de Securite Sociale. (SPPIF, B.P.22, F-41353 Vineuil, France) V.7- 1946- Volume(issue)/page/year: 34,127,1973 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.05 mg/m3;Carcinogen (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:STEL 0.05 mg/m3;Carcinogen (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.05 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.01 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.01 mg/m3;Carcinogen (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:STEL 0.05 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.05 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 0.05 mg/m3;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 0.05 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.05 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 0.1 mg/m3;STEL 0.3 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.05 mg/m3;STEL 0.5 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO CADMIUM, dust and fume-air:CA lowest feasible conc. REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - M1554 No. of Facilities: 1127 (estimated) No. of Industries: 37 No. of Occupations: 28 No. of Employees: 10110 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - M1554 No. of Facilities: 556 (estimated) No. of Industries: 27 No. of Occupations: 31 No. of Employees: 15727 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 4850 (estimated)
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